FEAT-#7331: Initial Polars API

This commit adds a polars namespace to Modin, and the DataFrame and Series objects and their respective APIs.

This PR adds the following to Modin:

This PR does NOT include matching error handling and is still missing several polars features:

LazyFrame
Expressions
String, Temporal, Struct, and other Series accessors
Several parameters
Operators that we don't have query compiler methods for
- e.g. sin, cos, tan, etc.

These features will be added in a future PR.

What do these changes do?

[x] first commit message and PR title follow format outlined here

NOTE: If you edit the PR title to match this format, you need to add another commit (even if it's empty) or amend your last commit for the CI job that checks the PR title to pick up the new PR title.
[x] passes flake8 modin/ asv_bench/benchmarks scripts/doc_checker.py
[x] passes black --check modin/ asv_bench/benchmarks scripts/doc_checker.py
[x] signed commit with git commit -s
[x] Resolves #7331
[x] tests added and passing
[ ] module layout described at docs/development/architecture.rst is up-to-date