[material-ui] Backport React 19 changes to Material UI v5

[DiegoAndai]

Backport the React 19 related changes from v6 to v5 so we support the upcoming React release on v5.

List of PRs to backport (Merged | Open):

• [x] Original: #42689 - Cherry-pick: #42709
• [x] Original: #42447 - Cherry-pick: #42847
• [x] Original: #42099 - Cherry-pick: #42241
• [x] Original: #42752 - Cherry-pick: #42851
• [x] Original: #42703 - Cherry-pick: #42849
• [x] Original: #42757 - Cherry-pick: #42852
• [x] Original: #42639 - Cherry-pick: #42766
• [x] Original: #42775 - Cherry-pick: #42776
• [x] Original: #42780 - Cherry-pick: #42813
• [x] Original: #42691 - Cherry-pick: #42854
• [x] Original: #42047 - Cherry-pick: #42846
• [x] Original: #42784 - Cherry-pick: #42853
• [x] Original: #42706 - Cherry-pick: #42850
• [x] Original: #42744 - Cherry-pick: #42855
• [x] Original: #42741 - Cherry-pick: #42856
• [ ] Original: #42346 - Cherry-pick: #44475
• [ ] Original: #42818 - Cherry-pick: #
• [ ] Original: #43132 - Cherry-pick: #
• [ ] Original: #43155 - Cherry-pick: #
• [ ] Original: #43189 - Cherry-pick: #
• [ ] Original: #43204 - Cherry-pick: #
• [ ] Original: #43205 - Cherry-pick: #
• [ ] Original: #43211 - Cherry-pick: #
• [ ] Original: #43269 - Cherry-pick: #
• [ ] Original: #43276 - Cherry-pick: #
• [ ] Original: #43282 - Cherry-pick: #
• [ ] Original: #43022 - Cherry-pick: #
• [ ] Original: #43402 - Cherry-pick: #
• [ ] Original: #44034 - Cherry-pick: #
• [ ] Original: #44035 - Cherry-pick: #
• [ ] Original: #44043 - Cherry-pick: #
• [ ] Original: #43216 - Cherry-pick: #
• [ ] Original: #42824 - Cherry-pick: #