refactor(core): Extract SupplyDataContext out of NodeExecutionFunctions (no-changelog)

[netroy]

Summary

This PR extracts SupplyDataContext object out of NodeExecutionFunctions, and adds unit tests for most of this code.

Related Linear tickets, Github issues, and Community forum posts

CAT-311

Review / Merge checklist

• [x] PR title and summary are descriptive. (conventions)
• [ ] Docs updated or follow-up ticket created.
• [x] Tests included.
• [ ] PR Labeled with release/backport (if the PR is an urgent fix that needs to be backported)

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 45.65217% with 50 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.	Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
.../src/node-execution-context/supply-data-context.ts	44.18%	48 Missing :warning:
packages/core/src/NodeExecuteFunctions.ts	33.33%	2 Missing :warning:

:loudspeaker: Thoughts on this report? Let us know!

[cypress[bot]]

n8n    Run #8050

Run Properties:   Passed #8050  •  4bed795a75: 🌳 🖥️ browsers:node18.12.0-chrome107 🤖 netroy 🗃️ e2e/*

Project	n8n
Branch Review	CAT-311-extract-supply-data-context
Run status	Passed #8050
Run duration	04m 29s
Commit	4bed795a75: 🌳 🖥️ browsers:node18.12.0-chrome107 🤖 netroy 🗃️ e2e/*
Committer	कारतोफ्फेलस्क्रिप्ट™
View all properties for this run ↗︎

---

Test results
Failures	0
Flaky	1
Pending	0
Skipped	0
Passing	478
View all changes introduced in this branch ↗︎

[github-actions[bot]]

:white_check_mark: All Cypress E2E specs passed