Add a few ruff lint rules: ASYNC, EXE, FA and LOG

[brisvag]

References

Tracking issue: #5589

Description

This PR adds a few rules to be checked by ruff. Some of them required no changes or very little; you can click on individual commits to see them one by one. ~The only one that needs discussion is T20 (print statements) which required a few ignores.~ EDIT: moved it to #6849

The rules are:

• "ASYNC": avoid some async-related pitfalls (no changes needed)
• "EXE": ensure shebangs and executable permissions match (1 change)
• "FA": ensure from __future__ import annotations is used correctly (1 change)
• "LOG": ensure loggers are used correctly (no changes)

I'm going through a few more, but might split out into separate PRs. Happy to split this one out as well.

~EDIT: depends on #6775~ No longer true, rebased on main and it's fine.

[brisvag]

I moved the T20 rule to #6849, so we can keep things cleaner and discuss whether to use it and how to integrate it there.

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests :white_check_mark:

Project coverage is 92.39%. Comparing base (ba73456) to head (708e166). Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## main #6840 +/- ## ========================================== - Coverage 92.45% 92.39% -0.06% ========================================== Files 614 614 Lines 54852 54853 +1 ========================================== - Hits 50712 50683 -29 - Misses 4140 4170 +30 ```

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