Implement pre-commit hooks.

[owenlittlejohns]

Description

This PR begins the process of applying automated checking to all commits via pre-commit hooks. Currently it checks a small number of things:

• Trailing whitespace
• Blank lines at the end of the file.
• Valid JSON and YAML syntax.
• ruff linting.
• black code formatting

Why haven't I added mypy? So far all these checks have left the service code untouched. I think we should totally add both mypy, but just wanted to get the ball rolling here.

Jira Issue ID

N/A - this is an IP-ish bit of fun.

Local Test Steps

• Pull this branch.
• Follow the new instructions in the README to install pre-commit.
• Make some minor change, use git add then git commit. You should see the checks all run when you are trying to use git commit.

PR Acceptance Checklist

• Jira ticket acceptance criteria met.
• CHANGELOG.md updated to include high level summary of PR changes.
• VERSION updated if publishing a release.
• [x] Tests added/updated and passing. (Well, the hooks are all passing, but that's not quite the same thing)
• [x] Documentation updated (if needed).

[owenlittlejohns]

Just preserving this here:

There are incompatibilities between black and pycodestyle. A future goal is to make the same black and ruff checks run in the CI/CD. When we do that, I think we should nix the pylint and pycodestyle checks in favour of black and ruff.