Support Consumer Retry Backoff and Nak delays

[ripienaar]

Overview

Consumers now have a list of go nanos that sets a retry schedule and the Nak has an optional struct that can set a per message arbitrary delay.

At present setting a 10 item backoff list requires the consumer is configured for at least 11 tries, which may or may not be desirable behavior - PR comments suggested not.

https://github.com/nats-io/nats-server/pull/2812

Clients and Tools

• [x] Schemas @ripienaar
• [x] CLI @ripienaar
• [x] Terraform @ripienaar
• [x] Github Actions @ripienaar
• [x] Go @wallyqs
• [x] Java @scottf
• [x] JavaScript @aricart
• [x] .Net @ColinSullivan1 @scottf
• [x] C @kozlovic
• [x] Python @wallyqs
• [ ] Ruby @wallyqs
• [ ] Rust @Jarema

Other Tasks

• [ ] docs.nats.io updated
• [ ] Update ADR to Implemented
• [x] Update client features spreadsheet

Client authors please update with your progress. If you open issues in your own repositories as a result of this request, please link them to this one by pasting the issue URL in a comment or main issue description.

[aricart]

JavaScript client will adopt the nak(delay) option, and at a later time introduce the backoff list

[aricart]

JavaScript client now supports backoff