Result will be as many rasters as time steps, i.e. 46 rasters for FPAR8.
Reclassify each one of them according to the rule, if value > 3: then assign 1, else: assign 0.
At each pixel, sum them all up!
This will tell for each pixel how many time steps are passing the threshold of > 3 (value 1-46). I.e. how many steps on the phenology curve are kept because of the threshold.
Use this as a base: https://github.com/nextgis/dhi/blob/master/general/create_combined_dhi.py