Pull Request Title

Fixes partially #713

[x] Defined the tests that specify a complete and functioning change (It may help to create a design specification & test specification)
[x] Implemented the source code change that satisfies the tests
[x] Documented the feature by providing worked example
[x] Updated the README or other documentation
[x] Completed the pre-Request checklist below

Change Description

This PR addresses two issues with the BBM in a realistic setup (using a parametric mesh).

Incorrect initialisation of temporary damage variable at the start of PrognosticData::update
Incorrect use of geometric terms when projecting stress and damage from Gauss points to DG space

Neither of these are final fixes, but the model runs and produces good enough results to continue developing an Arctic integration test.

This should be tested with the Arctic integration test, currently under development.

N/A

[x] The requirements of this pull request are fully captured in an issue or design specification and are linked and summarised in the description of this PR
[x] No new warnings are generated
[x] The documentation has been updated (or an issue has been created to track the corresponding change)
[x] Methods and Tests are commented such that they can be understood without having to obtain additional context
[x] This PR/Issue is labelled as a bug/feature/enhancement/breaking change
[x] File dates have been updated to reflect modification date
[ ] This change conforms to the conventions described in the README