Port apply-geolocation-rules to augur curate

[victorlin]

Description of proposed changes

Porting over from nextstrain/ingest with minimal functional changes.

Related issue(s)

• Part of #1003
• Tests first written in https://github.com/nextstrain/mpox/pull/54
• Tests later moved to https://github.com/nextstrain/ingest/pull/26

Checklist

• [x] Tests ported from old PRs
• [x] Other tests added
• [x] Checks pass
• [x] If making user-facing changes, add a message in CHANGES.md summarizing the changes in this PR

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 95.40230% with 4 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 69.15%. Comparing base (ff5f880) to head (295f280).

Files	Patch %	Lines
augur/curate/apply_geolocation_rules.py	95.34%	1 Missing and 3 partials :warning:

Additional details and impacted files

```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## master #1491 +/- ## ========================================== + Coverage 68.86% 69.15% +0.29% ========================================== Files 69 70 +1 Lines 7608 7694 +86 Branches 1861 1887 +26 ========================================== + Hits 5239 5321 +82 - Misses 2086 2087 +1 - Partials 283 286 +3 ```

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