Run release from CI workflow

[victorlin]

Description of proposed changes

This leverages the existing test matrix setup for CI which can sufficiently replace devel/test. A downside is that it does not test the changes created by devel/release, but those should not have an impact on test results.

Related issue(s)

Closes #1633

Checklist

• [x] Automated checks pass
• [x] release job is skipped for PR run
• [x] Check if you need to add a changelog message
• [x] Check if you need to add tests
• [x] Check if you need to update docs
• [x] Post-merge: create issue for further improvements to release process (ref): #1638
• [ ] Post-merge: next release happens successfully

[victorlin]

the actual release distributions (also currently created by devel/release) aren't ever tested themselves

That is already the case prior to this PR, but point taken. I'll create a separate issue for improvements once this PR is merged.