nidaqmx: Fix installation with Python 3.13

[x] This contribution adheres to CONTRIBUTING.md.

What does this Pull Request accomplish?

Update the dependency versions in pyproject.toml to be compatible with Python 3.13. For per-Python version constraints, make sure the last version is ^3.13 so that it will also cover 3.14, etc.

Loosen protobuf version constraint to allow protobuf 5.x because grpcio-tools 1.67 requires protobuf 5.x.

Enable running unit tests with Python 3.13 for the PR/CI workflows. I didn't do this for system tests yet because we need to update our self-hosted runner image.

Fix a couple of system test failures:

A couple of example tests were failing due to new examples that time out if there is no signal. We didn't catch these before because they are skipped in the PR/CI workflows.
test_in_stream.py had incorrect constants for +/-full-scale int16 values, which causes an overflow error with the updated numpy.

Why should this Pull Request be merged?

Partially fixes #644

What testing has been done?

poetry run pytest -v

=============================================== short test summary info ===============================================
FAILED tests/component/system/test_device_properties.py::test___ext_cal_last_date_and_time___no_errors[library_init_kwargs] - assert 2009 > 2009
FAILED tests/component/system/test_device_properties.py::test___ext_cal_last_date_and_time___no_errors[grpc_init_kwargs] - assert 2009 > 2009
========================= 2 failed, 2286 passed, 48 skipped, 11 xfailed in 200.26s (0:03:20) ==========================

The failures are expected, I have a really old X Series board that has never been recalibrated.

ni / nidaqmx-python