Closed ChrisOchs closed 3 years ago
There is a lot of diverse issues here, as well as false positives, and repeated instances of a single known issue.
I have attempted to cover many of these but this will be an ongoing effort:
1st arch mandibular mesenchyme from neural crest UBERON:0010252 Incorrect superclass: The superclass mesenchyme is redundant as it appears to be the superclass of multiple ancestors (redundant for some of the ancestors as well)
I don't see this. These are the parents:
is_a: UBERON:0009584 ! 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme
is_a: UBERON:0010259 ! 1st arch mesenchyme from neural crest
Incorrect restriction: The superclass 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme is also the range of the part_of restriction.
1st arch maxillary mesenchyme from neural crest UBERON:0010253 Same comments as for 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme from neural crest.
1st arch mesenchyme from neural crest UBERON:0010259 Same comments as for 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme from neural crest in regards to the superclasses mesenchyme and 1st arch mesenchyme as both superclasses and ranges of part of restrictions.
UBERON:2nd arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme UBERON:0010343 Same comments as for the above classes. The class head mesenchyme from mesoderm is both a superclass and the range of the develops_from restriction.
UBERON:2nd arch mesenchyme from neural crest UBERON:0010254 Same comments as for the above classes. As well as the class rhombencephalic neural crest being both a superclass and a range of a part of restriction.
All of the above are symptoms of a known issue. See #1291
anterior spinocerebellar tract UBERON:0002987
Incorrect restriction: The part of restriction with a range of medulla oblongata appears to be incorrect. The correct range should be somatosensory system.
Incorrect restriction: The part of restriction with a range of brain appears to be incorrect. It would be more correct to describe it as part of the spinal cord where the tract ends in the cerebellum but not truly part of the cranial part of the CNS. This part_of association does not exist for the spinocerebellar tract concept itself.
TODO
ascending process of clavicle 4200176
Incorrect superclass: the structure with developmental contribution from neural crest superclass is redundant with the part of restriction.
Known issue. See #1291
axon tract UBERON:0001018
Missing restriction: As with descendants, the tracts are white matter so the part_of that exists in the descendants should exist at this concept (add part of restriction with range of white matter).
This is interesting. Uberon covers all metazoa, and not all axon tracts are white matter, according to the definitions we currently have. We use the term 'axon tract' in a generic way including for example insects, but 'white matter' requires myelinated fibers, and not all lineages with a CNS have myelin or an analog.
However, we should add a phylogenetic GCI here.
basibranchial UBERON:2 tooth UBERON:2001665
Incorrect superclass: The parent mixed ectoderm/mesoderm/endoderm-derived structure seems to be incorrect as there is no endoderm involvement in teeth development.
Covered previously, see: #1246
Missing superclass: There should be a mention of neural crest involvement such as structure with developmental contribution from neural crest
Is this a problem with your visualization? You should see that this is present:
is_a UBERON:0010314 ! structure with developmental contribution from neural crest
is_a UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
is_a UBERON:2001665 ! basibranchial 2 tooth ***
Brodmann (1909) area 33 UBERON:0006476
Missing restriction: Part of restriction with a range of cingulate cortex
Fixed, thanks.
caput epididymis UBERON:0004358
Incorrect superclass: The superclass mesoderm-derived structure is redundant with the develops_from mesoderm
See #
cloacal epithelium UBERON:0012481
Incorrect superclass: The superclass epithelium is redundant with other superclasses
Note there is no direct epithelium parent:
is_a: UBERON:0000077 ! mixed endoderm/mesoderm-derived structure
is_a: UBERON:0003929 ! digestive tract epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0005911 ! endo-epithelium
is_a: UBERON:0012275 ! meso-epithelium
Incorrect superclass: The superclasses meso-epithelium and endo-epithelium are redundant due to the mixed endoderm/mesoderm-derived structure superclass.
Technically these are not redundant.
However, it does point to an issue
cuneate fasciculus of spinal cord UBERON:0005835
Incorrect superclass: It is not clear to me the differentiation between and the modeling of tracts and fascicles that are basically the same. In my view the cuneate and the gracile fascicles should be modeled the same but they are not. And here, for cuneate having both tract and fascicle as parents seems redundant.
https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/286
cuneocerebellar tract UBERON:0002640 I'm not sure it is correct to consider the tract as only from the nucleus up to the cerebellum. In many references the cuneocerebellar tract is the whole of the actual spinal tract. Why isn't is modeled the same as the posterior spinocerebellar tract?
TODO - new ticket
distal tarsal bone pre-cartilage condensation UBERON:0015101
There appear to be missing subclasses. I'm surprised there are no associated descendants such as distal tarsal bone 4 pre-cartilage condensation (this can also be stated as the missing subclasses are missing this class as a superclass).
Thank you. This can be traced back to UBERON:0015111 'distal tarsal bone 4 endochondral element', which was lacking specific parentage to UBERON:0015099 ! distal tarsal endochondral element. This has been fixed. The reasoner will now give the correct inferences for all members of this design pattern.
embryonic cloacal epithelium UBERON:0009846
Incorrect superclass: Epithelium is redundant
No direct parent. This is the parentage:
is_a: UBERON:0000490 ! unilaminar epithelium is_a: UBERON:0005291 ! embryonic tissue is_a: UBERON:0009521 ! anal membrane endodermal component is_a: UBERON:0012481 ! cloacal epithelium
embryonic tissue UBERON:0005291
Incorrect superclass: From an organizational perspective, tissue is not a structure (although ,in Uberon, Tissue in general is classified as anatomical structure)
Tissues are structures in uberon. The upper level ontology is CARO:
For a full discussion on these classes, see:
Haendel, M. A., Neuhaus, F., Osumi-Sutherland, D., Mabee, P. M., Mejino, J. L. V. J., Mungall, C. J., & Smith, B. (2007). CARO - The Common Anatomy Reference Ontology. In Anatomy Ontologies for Bioinformatics, Principles and Practice (Vol. Albert Bur). Springer.
femur endochondral element UBERON:0015052
Incorrect superclass: Limb endochoindral element is theoretically a redundant superclass and should be the superclass of hindlimb endochondral element, but it is not.
The redundancy was caused by a incorrect logical definition of 'hindlimb endochondral element', this has been fixed.
fibula endochondral element UBERON:0015013
Same comment as femur endochondral element.
The reasoner will now infer the correct class
forelimb long bone UBERON:0003607
Incorrect superclass: Long bone is a redundant superclass and should be removed.
These are the parents:
is_a: UBERON:0003606 ! limb long bone
is_a: UBERON:0008962 ! forelimb bone
Neither is redundant. Not all limb long bones are forelimb bones, and not all forelimb bones are long bones
gracile fasciculus of spinal cord UBERON:0005826
Missing superclass: To make modeling similar to cuneate, for example, the superclass fasciculus of spinal cord is missing
TODO - should be fixed
hypothenar muscle UBERON:0014377
The three individual muscles involved are not in Uberon and not children of this concept. (Only) Extensor digiti minimi exists.
Thank you. These have been added, as well as palmaris brevis, which FMA considers hypothenar
lamina V of gray matter of spinal cord UBERON:0016576
Missing part of restriction with range dorsal horn of spinal cord. See UBERON:0016577 for similarity.
This is present, indirectly via:
UBERON:0016610 ! nucleus proprius of spinal cord
lamina VI of gray matter of spinal cord UBERON:0016577
Missing part of restriction with range dorsal horn of spinal cord nucleus proprius of spinal cord. See UBERON:0016576 for similarity.
Link to 'dorsal horn of spinal cord' is present.
The absence of a link to nucleus proprius is deliberate,
TODO - check
lamina VII of gray matter of spinal cord UBERON:0016578
Missing part of restriction with range ventral horn of spinal cord. See UBERON:0016579 for similarity.
Fixed, thank you.
lamina VIII of gray matter of spinal cord UBERON:0016579
Missing part of restriction with range ventral commissural nucleus of spinal cord.
Fixed, thank you.
lateral lemniscus UBERON:0002953
Missing restrictions: Missing part of restrictions with range brainstem and brainstem white matter.
TODO
not clear part of relation is correct, it crosses different regions
lateral plate mesoderm UBERON:0003081
Incorrect superclass: Remove mesoderm derived structure. Lateral plate mesoderm is_a mesoderm and while forming structures it is not a structure.
See above for comments on 'anatomical structure'. The CARO definition is very general.
We would not model LPM as being a subclass of mesoderm, as mesoderm is the entire layer (note that ZFA nevertheless models this as subclass)
There are modeling to be made in terms of whether the relationship is part_of or develops_from, or both. We are currently hedging our bets in our current modeling, as we are attempting to be maximally consistent with other sources.
XAO models as both part-of and develops-from. However, I would argue they should remove the develops-from, as the LPM is temporally entirely within the M in their ontology.
EHDAA2 treats the mesoderm as ending at CS13, with structures like LPM continuing afterwards:
df EHDAA2:0001128 ! mesoderm *** [ends_at: "CS13"] [starts_at: "CS06b"]
df EHDAA2:0000736 ! head paraxial mesenchyme [ends_at: "CS14"] [starts_at: "CS09"]
df EHDAA2:0000871 ! intermediate mesoderm [ends_at: "CS12"] [starts_at: "CS09"]
df EHDAA2:0000919 ! lateral plate mesoderm [ends_at: "CS13"] [starts_at: "CS09"]
df EHDAA2:0001113 ! mesenchyme [ends_at: "CS20"] [starts_at: "CS07"]
df EHDAA2:0001118 ! head mesenchyme from mesoderm and endoderm [ends_at: "CS20"] [starts_at: "CS07"]
df EHDAA2:0001829 ! septum transversum [ends_at: "CS17"] [starts_at: "CS08"]
df EHDAA2:0001831 ! septum transversum mesenchyme [ends_at: "CS17"] [starts_at: "CS10"]
df EHDAA2:0002094 ! trunk and cervical paraxial mesoderm [ends_at: "CS17"] [starts_at: "CS09"]
df EHDAA2:0002108 ! unsegmented head paraxial mesenchyme [ends_at: "CS10"] [starts_at: "CS09"]
df EHDAA2:0002109 ! trunk unsegmented mesenchyme [ends_at: "CS10"] [starts_at: "CS09"]
df EHDAA2:0003241 ! mesoderm blood islands [ends_at: "CS08"] [starts_at: "CS06b"]
Their use of develops_from is thus internally consistent
lower jaw molar epithelium UBERON:0005654
Incorrect superclass: Dental epithelium is a redandant superclass as there is a superclass molar emithelium
This is not a direct superclass in uberon. The direct superclasses are:
is_a: UBERON:0003236 ! epithelium of lower jaw
is_a: UBERON:0010313 ! neural crest-derived structure
is_a: UBERON:0015839 ! molar epithelium
**is_a: UBERON:0035037 ! jaw epithelium
The marked one is redundant. The reasons were to do with a a missing relationship on upper jaw region. This is fixed, so the derived inferences should be fixed.
lumbar spinal cord white matter UBERON:0026386
White matter superclass is redundant and should be removed.
there is no direct link to white matter, these are the direct relationships:
is_a: UBERON:0002318 ! white matter of spinal cord
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002792 ! lumbar spinal cord
neither are redundant
male mammary gland duct UBERON:0022360
There is no female equivalent class. Alternatively, this class should be removed (in humans there is no male mammary gland duct, but that may be the case in other animals).
yes, present in adult male Dayak bats (also present in male humans, it just typically regresses)
I'm going to leave this one open for now.
mandibular process mesenchyme from neural crest UBERON:0010336
mesenchyme is a redundant superclass and should be removed.
This is not a direct superclass. The superclasses are:
is_a: UBERON:0005253 ! head mesenchyme
is_a: UBERON:0010314 ! structure with developmental contribution from neural crest
Assuming this is a problem in display or in using an old version of uberon
mesenchyme of hard palate UBERON:0003424
mesenchyme is a redundant superclass and should be removed.
Assuming this is a problem in display or in using an old version of uberon
minor vestibular gland UBERON:0000461
Incorrect superclass: paraurethral gland. This is actually a synonym and not a broader term.
TODO
property_value: external_ontology_notes "in MP female urethral gland, Skene gland and paraurethral gland are exact syns. Note that NCITA seems to use the term in a more generic way, as a parent for skene gland, cowper gland (which may be the same as the male bulbo-urethral gland)" xsd:string {external_ontology="MP"}
is_a NCIT:C12339 ! paraurethral gland ***
is_a NCIT:C32395 ! cowper gland
is_a NCIT:C49311 ! gland of littre
is_a NCIT:C61122 ! skene gland
TODO
muscularis mucosa UBERON:0006676
Incorrect restrictions: remove part_of digestive tract and part_of mucosa and replace with part_of gastrointestinal system mucosa
Replaced mucosa with GI system mucosa.
There is still work to do here. Formally, DT is more specific than GI system. However, I don't believe MM lines as part of the GI system that is not part of the DT?
There is also the issue of this class:
UBERON:0006912 ! urinary bladder muscularis mucosa
TODO: investigate more
olivocerebellar tract UBERON:0002752
Missing restriction: part_of white matter of cerebellum, otherwise there is no relationship to the cerebellum, except by name.
MBA and DHBA has it in cerebellar peduncle
FMA and NIFSTD place it in the medulla
TODO:
perianal sebaceous gland UBERON:0012281
Incorrect superclass: Sebacious gland superclass is redundant and should be removed.
this isn't a direct superclass
however, it turns out there is a separate redundant superclass
is_a: UBERON:0005179 ! pelvic region element
is_a: UBERON:0011252 ! scent gland
is_a: UBERON:0015251 ! modified sebaceous gland
*is_a: UBERON:0016852 ! skin scent gland
relationship: part_of UBERON:0012336 ! perianal skin
TODO investigate
pes joint UBERON:0001487
Incorrect superclass: Skeletal joint superclass is redundant and should be removed
Assuming this is a problem in display or in using an old version of uberon
right lung accessory lobe epithelium UBERON:0005655
Epithelium is a redundant superclass and it should be removed.
Assuming this is a problem in display or in using an old version of uberon
secondary palatal shelf mesenchyme UBERON:0005704
mesenchyme is a redundant superclass and it should be removed.
see jaw
spermaceti UBERON:0009755
Missing restriction: produced_by spermaceti organ
We don't always assert reciprocals. E.g we have a link between spermaceti organ and spermaceti already.
TODO
Incorrect superclass: organism substance should be replaced with the more specific bodily secretion
TODO - glands
spinal trigeminal tract of medulla UBERON:0002715
Incorrect superclass: spinal trigeminal tract should be removed and the superclass should be the grandparent directly.
Missing restriction: part_of spinal trigeminal tract
Sorry, not following.
tarsus endochondral element UBERON:0015050
Endochondral element superclass is redundant and should be removed.
these are the direct superclasses:
is_a: UBERON:0015022 ! hindlimb endochondral element
is_a: UBERON:0015063 ! autopod endochondral element
Assuming this is a problem in display or in using an old version of uberon
tibialis posterior UBERON:0001667
Missing restriction: (At least in humans) has_muscle_insertion. The list is not complete as there are many more bones involved with the insertion of the three components of the muscle. Additionally the muscle also has_muscle_origin with the interosseous membrane.
TODO
trigeminal neural crest UBERON:0005563
Incorrect superclass: mesenchyme derived from head neural crest. Also used as range of part_of
not incorrect.
TODO
is_a: UBERON:0007213 ! mesenchyme derived from head neural crest
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007213 ! mesenchyme derived from head neural crest
uncinate fasciculus UBERON:0003044
Chosen label/name will be confused with the probably more recognized uncinate fasciculus between the frontal and temporal lobes.
Excellent catch! In fact UBERON:0003044 will be obsoleted, as it is already conflated, and two new unambiguous concepts will be created.
(FMA and SNOMED refer to cerebral structure; NIFSTD to hidbrain structure)
TODO
uncrossed tecto-bulbar tract UBERON:2000296
Missing restriction: part_of cerebellum and possibly medulla as well.
currently part-of medulla via UBERON:0002164 ! tectobulbar tract
upper jaw molar odontogenic papilla UBERON:0005700
Incorrect superclass: odontogenic papilla is redundant and should be removed
See above
urogenital sinus epithelium UBERON:0004902 Epithelium is a redundant superclass and it should be removed
hmmm
is_a: UBERON:0000483 ! epithelium is_a: UBERON:0009846 ! embryonic cloacal epithelium
todo
vagal nerve fiber bundle UBERON:0006116
Missing restriction: part_of vagus nerve
we would't model it this was, as we model the fiber bundle as being part of the CNS
I don't see this. These are the parents:
Okay, I found an issue with our internal tool that's sometimes displaying the concept in an equivalence as a superclass. Protege also shows it as a subclass (kind of) but its actually an equivalence.
Yes, in Protege it's best to view the inferred hierarchy (although there is IMHO no satisfactory hierarchical view that shows a complete existential graph)
In the uberon releases, you only need to look at equivalence axioms if you care about equivalence axioms. The existential graph formed by subClassOf relationships is intended to be complete.
For more on the terminology I'm using, see https://douroucouli.wordpress.com/2016/10/04/a-developer-friendly-json-exchange-format-for-ontologies/
WARNING: This issue has been automatically closed because it has not been updated in more than 3 years. Please re-open it if you still need this to be addressed addressed addressed – we are now getting some resources to deal with such issues.
As part of an on-going research project my lab is reviewing several ontologies (e.g., SNOMED, NCIt, GO, others) for modeling issues. We want to thank the Uberon team for the feedback you provided us on the initial list of issues we posted in May (#1218).
After our preliminary review, and based on the feedback we received from the Uberon team, we had a domain expert conduct a more comprehensive review of Uberon. The domain expert identified potential modeling issues among a sample of classes that were chosen according to a criteria we've applied for other ontologies (e.g., the above mentioned ones).
The classes with issues are listed below in alphabetical order. Note that I did not identify these issues but I can forward any feedback/remarks to the domain experts we worked with on this study. These are from the Jan 2016 release.
We appreciate any feedback the Uberon team may have on these issues:
1st arch mandibular mesenchyme from neural crest 0010252 Incorrect superclass: The superclass mesenchyme is redundant as it appears to be the superclass of multiple ancestors (redundant for some of the ancestors as well).
Incorrect restriction: The superclass 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme is also the range of the part_of restriction.
1st arch maxillary mesenchyme from neural crest 0010253 Same comments as for 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme from neural crest.
1st arch mesenchyme from neural crest 0010259 Same comments as for 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme from neural crest in regards to the superclasses mesenchyme and 1st arch mesenchyme as both superclasses and ranges of part of restrictions.
2nd arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme 0010343 Same comments as for the above classes. The class head mesenchyme from mesoderm is both a superclass and the range of the develops_from restriction.
2nd arch mesenchyme from neural crest 0010254 Same comments as for the above classes. As well as the class rhombencephalic neural crest being both a superclass and a range of a part of restriction.
anterior spinocerebellar tract 0002987
Incorrect restriction: The part of restriction with a range of medulla oblongata appears to be incorrect. The correct range should be somatosensory system.
Incorrect restriction: The part of restriction with a range of brain appears to be incorrect. It would be more correct to describe it as part of the spinal cord where the tract ends in the cerebellum but not truly part of the cranial part of the CNS. This part_of association does not exist for the spinocerebellar tract concept itself.
ascending process of clavicle 4200176
Incorrect superclass: the structure with developmental contribution from neural crest superclass is redundant with the part of restriction.
axon tract 0001018
Missing restriction: As with descendants, the tracts are white matter so the part_of that exists in the descendants should exist at this concept (add part of restriction with range of white matter).
basibranchial 2 tooth 2001665
Incorrect superclass: The parent mixed ectoderm/mesoderm/endoderm-derived structure seems to be incorrect as there is no endoderm involvement in teeth development.
Missing superclass: There should be a mention of neural crest involvement such as structure with developmental contribution from neural crest
Brodmann (1909) area 33 0006476
Missing restriction: Part of restriction with a range of cingulate cortex
caput epididymis 0004358
Incorrect superclass: The superclass mesoderm-derived structure is redundant with the develops_from mesoderm
cloacal epithelium 0012481
Incorrect superclass: The superclass epithelium is redundant with other superclasses
Incorrect superclass: The superclasses meso-epithelium and endo-epithelium are redundant due to the mixed endoderm/mesoderm-derived structure superclass.
cuneate fasciculus of spinal cord 0005835
Incorrect superclass: It is not clear to me the differentiation between and the modeling of tracts and fascicles that are basically the same. In my view the cuneate and the gracile fascicles should be modeled the same but they are not. And here, for cuneate having both tract and fascicle as parents seems redundant.
cuneocerebellar tract 0002640 I'm not sure it is correct to consider the tract as only from the nucleus up to the cerebellum. In many references the cuneocerebellar tract is the whole of the actual spinal tract. Why isn't is modeled the same as the posterior spinocerebellar tract?
distal tarsal bone pre-cartilage condensation 0015101
There appear to be missing subclasses. I'm surprised there are no associated descendants such as distal tarsal bone 4 pre-cartilage condensation (this can also be stated as the missing subclasses are missing this class as a superclass).
embryonic cloacal epithelium 0009846
Incorrect superclass: Epithelium is redundant
embryonic tissue 0005291
Incorrect superclass: From an organizational perspective, tissue is not a structure (although ,in Uberon, Tissue in general is classified as anatomical structure)
femur endochondral element 0015052
Incorrect superclass: Limb endochoindral element is theoretically a redundant superclass and should be the superclass of hindlimb endochondral element, but it is not.
fibula endochondral element 0015013
Same comment as femur endochondral element.
forelimb long bone 0003607
Incorrect superclass: Long bone is a redundant superclass and should be removed.
gracile fasciculus of spinal cord 0005826
Missing superclass: To make modeling similar to cuneate, for example, the superclass fasciculus of spinal cord is missing
hypothenar muscle 0014377
The three individual muscles involved are not in Uberon and not children of this concept. (Only) Extensor digiti minimi exists.
lamina V of gray matter of spinal cord 0016576
Missing part of restriction with range dorsal horn of spinal cord. See 0016577 for similarity.
lamina VI of gray matter of spinal cord 0016577
Missing part of restriction with range dorsal horn of spinal cord nucleus proprius of spinal cord. See 0016576 for similarity.
lamina VII of gray matter of spinal cord 0016578
Missing part of restriction with range ventral horn of spinal cord. See 0016579 for similarity.
lamina VIII of gray matter of spinal cord 0016579
Missing part of restriction with range ventral commissural nucleus of spinal cord.
lateral lemniscus 0002953
Missing restrictions: Missing part of restrictions with range brainstem and brainstem white matter.
lateral plate mesoderm 0003081
Incorrect superclass: Remove mesoderm derived structure. Lateral plate mesoderm is_a mesoderm and while forming structures it is not a structure.
lower jaw molar epithelium 0005654
Incorrect superclass: Dental epithelium is a redandant superclass as there is a superclass molar emithelium
lumbar spinal cord white matter 0026386
White matter superclass is redundant and should be removed.
male mammary gland duct 0022360
There is no female equivalent class. Alternatively, this class should be removed (in humans there is no male mammary gland duct, but that may be the case in other animals).
mandibular process mesenchyme from neural crest 0010336
mesenchyme is a redundant superclass and should be removed.
mesenchyme of hard palate 0003424
mesenchyme is a redundant superclass and should be removed.
minor vestibular gland 0000461
Incorrect superclass: paraurethral gland. This is actually a synonym and not a broader term.
muscularis mucosa 0006676
Incorrect restrictions: remove part_of digestive tract and part_of mucosa and replace with part_of gastrointestinal system mucosa
olivocerebellar tract 0002752
Missing restriction: part_of white matter of cerebellum, otherwise there is no relationship to the cerebellum, except by name.
perianal sebaceous gland 0012281
Incorrect superclass: Sebacious gland superclass is redundant and should be removed.
pes joint 0001487
Incorrect superclass: Skeletal joint superclass is redundant and should be removed
right lung accessory lobe epithelium 0005655
Epithelium is a redundant superclass and it should be removed.
secondary palatal shelf mesenchyme 0005704
mesenchyme is a redundant superclass and it should be removed.
spermaceti 0009755
Missing restriction: produced_by spermaceti organ
Incorrect superclass: organism substance should be replaced with the more specific bodily secretion
spinal trigeminal tract of medulla 0002715
Incorrect superclass: spinal trigeminal tract should be removed and the superclass should be the grandparent directly.
Missing restriction: part_of spinal trigeminal tract
tarsus endochondral element 0015050
Endochondral element superclass is redundant and should be removed.
tibialis posterior 0001667
Missing restriction: (At least in humans) has_muscle_insertion. The list is not complete as there are many more bones involved with the insertion of the three components of the muscle. Additionally the muscle also has_muscle_origin with the interosseous membrane.
trigeminal neural crest 0005563
Incorrect superclass: mesenchyme derived from head neural crest. Also used as range of part_of
uncinate fasciculus 0003044
Chosen label/name will be confused with the probably more recognized uncinate fasciculus between the frontal and temporal lobes.
uncrossed tecto-bulbar tract 2000296
Missing restriction: part_of cerebellum and possibly medulla as well.
upper jaw molar odontogenic papilla 0005700
Incorrect superclass: odontogenic papilla is redundant and should be removed
urogenital sinus epithelium 0004902
Epithelium is a redundant superclass and it should be removed
vagal nerve fiber bundle 0006116
Missing restriction: part_of vagus nerve