[CI] Add cppcheck in the build

[chusitoo]

Fixes #2297

Changes

• Added CI job for cppcheck. For now, it does not fail the build

For significant contributions please make sure you have completed the following items:

• [ ] CHANGELOG.md updated for non-trivial changes
• [ ] Unit tests have been added
• [ ] Changes in public API reviewed

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[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests :white_check_mark:

Project coverage is 87.83%. Comparing base (1695253) to head (a19d070). Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

[](https://app.codecov.io/gh/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-cpp/pull/3151?src=pr&el=tree&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=open-telemetry) ```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## main #3151 +/- ## ======================================= Coverage 87.83% 87.83% ======================================= Files 195 195 Lines 6146 6146 ======================================= Hits 5398 5398 Misses 748 748 ```

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🚨 Try these New Features:

• Flaky Tests Detection - Detect and resolve failed and flaky tests

[ThomsonTan]

Is this a subset of the part 2 change?

[marcalff]

Is this a subset of the part 2 change?

Yes.

Once part 1 is merged to main, part 2 PR will only contain part 2 (the code fixes).