[TEST] refactor UrlParser tests to use value-paramterized tests

[sjinks]

As discussed in #3146

Changes

This PR refactors the UrlParser tests to make them more readable and use value-parametrized tests.

For significant contributions please make sure you have completed the following items:

• [ ] CHANGELOG.md updated for non-trivial changes
• [ ] Unit tests have been added
• [ ] Changes in public API reviewed

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[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests :white_check_mark:

Project coverage is 87.86%. Comparing base (fe68d51) to head (3cc6bcb). Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

[](https://app.codecov.io/gh/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-cpp/pull/3153?src=pr&el=tree&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=open-telemetry) ```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## main #3153 +/- ## ======================================= Coverage 87.86% 87.86% ======================================= Files 195 195 Lines 6151 6151 ======================================= Hits 5404 5404 Misses 747 747 ```

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[marcalff]

Waiting a bit for possible comments, then will merge.