feat: add configurable client.id to base settings

[rgraber]

Allows configuring of the client id of producers and consumers so we can better track our message streams.

Merge checklist: Check off if complete or not applicable:

• [x] Version bumped
• [x] Changelog record added
• [x] Documentation updated (not only docstrings)
• [ ] Commits are squashed
• [x] Noted any: Concerns, dependencies, deadlines, tickets, testing instructions