Add qiskit-aer simulator target

[ibm-wakizaka]

Summary

Add a simulator target for simulator using Aer runtime API.

Details

Add a pass that convert QUIR and OQ3 dialects to LLVM's standard dialect that calls Aer functions. Currently all features in OpenQASM3 are not supported. The supported features is listed below:

• Qubit and Variable declarations
  • Remark: I assume that the width of each qubit declaration is 1.
• QUIR's builtin unitary operators (U, CX)
• Measurements

Please see sample files in targets/simulators/aer/test/Conversion.

Requirements

We need a dynamic library libaer.so to run a generated object file.

How to use

$ qss-compiler program.qasm --target aer-simulator --emit=mlir -o program.mlir --config your.cfg --num-shots=1 --aer-simulator-conversion

Remark

Currently, the option --emit=qem generates a zip file which contains manifest.json and an object file but it cannot be executed itself. The feature to output a binary file will be a big task so I will create another PR to support it.

[ibm-wakizaka]

Certainly! The main differences are listed below:

• Remove a new binary payload (BinaryPayload)
• Remove the linking procedure
  • These need integration with an external linker and the shared library for qiskit-aer, so it would be better to make another PR.
  • Currently, a object file can be generated (but we cannot run it).
• Improve tests
  • Added MLIR-based tests
  • Divided the tests into smaller ones corresponding to a compiler pass (--simulator-output-cregs, --simulator-quir-to-aer)
  • Added a python test for the aer-simulator target (please see here)
• Rename Simulator -> AerSimulator
  • In line with this, the target option was changed to --target aer-simulator
• Enable configuration for qiskit-aer runtime (cf1, cf2)
  • A configuration file have to be written in JSON format

[ibm-wakizaka]

@mhillenbrand Thank you for your comments! I changed code by your suggestions.

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[hhorii]

I will create a PR from my repository based on this PR.