Not Clear on: "initialized without the native-image initialization instrumentation"

[jamesward]

While trying to debug native image with Netty (4.1.70), I ran into:

[error] io.netty.channel.epoll.Native the class was requested to be initialized at run time (from the command line with 'io.netty.channel.epoll.Native'). io.netty.channel.epoll.Native has been initialized without the native-image initialization instrumentation and the stack trace can't be tracked. Try avoiding to initialize the class that caused initialization of io.netty.channel.epoll.Native

I'm using graalvm-ce-java11-21.3.0 and this seems to happen when I specify multiple --trace-class-initialization flags, like:

--trace-class-initialization=io.netty.channel.DefaultFileRegion
--trace-class-initialization=io.netty.channel.epoll.Native

With only 1 --trace-class-initialization specified, I seem to be able to get it to provide the stack trace.

[oubidar-Abderrahim]

Hi, Thank you for reporting this, is it possible to share a small reproducer to illustrate the issue?

[lestephane]

Example reproduction follows. @jamesward The --trace-class-initialization seems to take a comma separated list of classes, otherwise it picks the last one.

But besides this ergonomics problem, there is a more important problem that it offers no insight in my case, even when I correctly add the comma separated list of classes. I'm left with the initialized without the native-image initialization instrumentation with, it is true, a helpful message to add --initialize-at-build-time arguments. But In my case I know the two classes in questions cannot be initialized at build time, and I actually want to know what tried to initialize them, to assist in fixing the problem upstream.

What does initialized without the native-image initialization instrumentation mean, and how do I get more info about the cause of the class initialization. I did a verbose:gc, and could not figure out a pattern to the order in which classes were loaded.

build.gradle.kts

plugins {
    id("my.kotlin-library-conventions")
    id("org.graalvm.buildtools.native")
}

dependencies {
    implementation("software.amazon.cryptools:AmazonCorrettoCryptoProvider:1.+:linux-x86_64")
}

tasks.jar {
    println("stripping aws crypto jar of signatures and ServiceLoader information")
    from(configurations.compileClasspath.get().map {
        if (it.name.contains("kotlin") || it.name.contains("annotations")) {
            // exclude all the kotlin crap that gets imported because of our use of kotlin-library-conventions plugin.
            // https://github.com/kixi-io/Ki.KD-JVM/blob/a037772bb8339a6ba74065125028661fa10cae32/build.gradle.kts
            println("ignoring: ${it.name}")
            null
        } else if (it.isDirectory) {
            println("adding directory: ${it.name}")
            it
        } else {
            println("adding zip: ${it.name}")
            zipTree(it)
        }
    }) {
        exclude("META-INF/*.SF")
        exclude("META-INF/*.DSA")
        exclude("META-INF/*.RSA")
        exclude("META-INF/module-info.class")
        exclude("META-INF/services/*")
    }
}

graalvmNative {
    binaries {
        named("main") {
            sharedLibrary.set(false)
            mainClass.set("repro.InstallKt")
            buildArgs(
                "--no-fallback",
                "--allow-incomplete-classpath",
                "-H:+ReportExceptionStackTraces",
                "-H:+ReportUnsupportedElementsAtRuntime",
            )
        }
    }
}

src/main/kotlin/repro/Install.kt

package repro

import com.amazon.corretto.crypto.provider.AmazonCorrettoCryptoProvider

fun main() {
    AmazonCorrettoCryptoProvider.install()
    AmazonCorrettoCryptoProvider.INSTANCE.assertHealthy()
}

Dockerfile.graalvm-ce2

ARG GRAALVM_VERSION=22.0.0.2
FROM ghcr.io/graalvm/native-image:ol8-java11-$GRAALVM_VERSION
RUN microdnf install findutils less
ADD https://raw.githubusercontent.com/corretto/amazon-corretto-crypto-provider/master/etc/amazon-corretto-crypto-provider.security \
    /usr/lib64/graalvm/graalvm22-ce-java11/conf/security/java.security
RUN useradd --create-home --home-dir /user -u 1000 --user-group user
USER user
WORKDIR /project
ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/bin/env", "bash"]

built using:

docker build -t graalvm-ce2 - < dockerfiles/Dockerfile.graalvm-ce2

Docker run command

docker run -it --rm --dns 8.8.8.8 --volume=$HOME/.m2:/user/.m2 --volume=$GRADLE_USER_HOME:/user/.gradle --volume=$(pwd):/project graalvm-ce2 ./gradlew :awssdkclient-cryptoprovider:nativeRun

Error message

no --trace-class-initialization

com.oracle.svm.core.util.UserError$UserException: Classes that should be initialized at run time got initialized during image building:
 com.amazon.corretto.crypto.provider.Loader was unintentionally initialized at build time. To see why com.amazon.corretto.crypto.provider.Loader got initialized use --trace-class-initialization=com.amazon.corretto.crypto.provider.Loader
com.amazon.corretto.crypto.provider.AmazonCorrettoCryptoProvider was unintentionally initialized at build time. To see why com.amazon.corretto.crypto.provider.AmazonCorrettoCryptoProvider got initialized use --trace-class-initialization=com.amazon.corretto.crypto.provider.AmazonCorrettoCryptoProvider

        at com.oracle.svm.core.util.UserError.abort(UserError.java:73)
        at com.oracle.svm.hosted.classinitialization.ConfigurableClassInitialization.checkDelayedInitialization(ConfigurableClassInitialization.java:555)
        at com.oracle.svm.hosted.classinitialization.ClassInitializationFeature.duringAnalysis(ClassInitializationFeature.java:167)
        at com.oracle.svm.hosted.NativeImageGenerator.lambda$runPointsToAnalysis$10(NativeImageGenerator.java:704)
        at com.oracle.svm.hosted.FeatureHandler.forEachFeature(FeatureHandler.java:74)
        at com.oracle.svm.hosted.NativeImageGenerator.lambda$runPointsToAnalysis$11(NativeImageGenerator.java:704)
        at com.oracle.graal.pointsto.PointsToAnalysis.runAnalysis(PointsToAnalysis.java:755)
        at com.oracle.svm.hosted.NativeImageGenerator.runPointsToAnalysis(NativeImageGenerator.java:702)
        at com.oracle.svm.hosted.NativeImageGenerator.doRun(NativeImageGenerator.java:537)
        at com.oracle.svm.hosted.NativeImageGenerator.run(NativeImageGenerator.java:494)
        at com.oracle.svm.hosted.NativeImageGeneratorRunner.buildImage(NativeImageGeneratorRunner.java:426)
        at com.oracle.svm.hosted.NativeImageGeneratorRunner.build(NativeImageGeneratorRunner.java:587)
        at com.oracle.svm.hosted.NativeImageGeneratorRunner.main(NativeImageGeneratorRunner.java:126)

with --trace-class-initialization=com.amazon.corretto.crypto.provider.Loader

com.oracle.svm.core.util.UserError$UserException: Classes that should be initialized at run time got initialized during image building:
 com.amazon.corretto.crypto.provider.AmazonCorrettoCryptoProvider was unintentionally initialized at build time. To see why com.amazon.corretto.crypto.provider.AmazonCorrettoCryptoProvider got initialized use --trace-class-initialization=com.amazon.corretto.crypto.provider.AmazonCorrettoCryptoProvider
com.amazon.corretto.crypto.provider.Loader was unintentionally initialized at build time. com.amazon.corretto.crypto.provider.Loader has been initialized without the native-image initialization instrumentation and the stack trace can't be tracked. Try marking this class for build-time initialization with --initialize-at-build-time=com.amazon.corretto.crypto.provider.Loader

with --trace-class-initialization=com.amazon.corretto.crypto.provider.Loader and --trace-class-initialization=com.amazon.corretto.crypto.provider.AmazonCorrettoCryptoProvider

com.oracle.svm.core.util.UserError$UserException: Classes that should be initialized at run time got initialized during image building:
 com.amazon.corretto.crypto.provider.Loader was unintentionally initialized at build time. To see why com.amazon.corretto.crypto.provider.Loader got initialized use --trace-class-initialization=com.amazon.corretto.crypto.provider.Loader
com.amazon.corretto.crypto.provider.AmazonCorrettoCryptoProvider was unintentionally initialized at build time. com.amazon.corretto.crypto.provider.AmazonCorrettoCryptoProvider has been initialized without the native-image initialization instrumentation and the stack trace can't be tracked. Try marking this class for build-time initialization with --initialize-at-build-time=com.amazon.corretto.crypto.provider.AmazonCorrettoCryptoProvider

with --trace-class-initialization=com.amazon.corretto.crypto.provider.Loader,com.amazon.corretto.crypto.provider.AmazonCorrettoCryptoProvider (comma separated)

com.oracle.svm.core.util.UserError$UserException: Classes that should be initialized at run time got initialized during image building:
 com.amazon.corretto.crypto.provider.AmazonCorrettoCryptoProvider was unintentionally initialized at build time. com.amazon.corretto.crypto.provider.AmazonCorrettoCryptoProvider has been initialized without the native-image initialization instrumentation and the stack trace can't be tracked. Try marking this class for build-time initialization with --initialize-at-build-time=com.amazon.corretto.crypto.provider.AmazonCorrettoCryptoProvider
com.amazon.corretto.crypto.provider.Loader was unintentionally initialized at build time. com.amazon.corretto.crypto.provider.Loader has been initialized without the native-image initialization instrumentation and the stack trace can't be tracked. Try marking this class for build-time initialization with --initialize-at-build-time=com.amazon.corretto.crypto.provider.Loader

[oubidar-Abderrahim]

If this issue is still relevant in the latest GraalVM versions, please create a new issue for it and follow the template provided. Thank you