fix: update Rust version requirements

[Th0rgal]

Updates minimum Rust version requirements to fix build failures:

• Updates Dockerfile to use rust:1.80.0
• Fixes issue where Docker builds fail when using git context with tag 0.21.3
• Addresses the temporary value dropped while borrowed errors reported in #4073

This PR builds upon and supersedes #4074, adding the necessary Dockerfile changes to ensure consistent builds across all methods of installation.

Closes #4074 Closes #4073

[Th0rgal]

@raphjaph does it lgty? I rebased master on your changes, hence the Amend