:seedling: Update Go toolchain to 1.23

[spencerschrock]

What kind of change does this PR introduce?

Go version bump

• [X] PR title follows the guidelines defined in our pull request documentation

What is the current behavior?

Our tooling uses Go 1.22.x (see #3859)

What is the new behavior (if this is a feature change)?**

Use Go 1.23.X for our CI and dockerfiles.

• Our minimum Go version in our go.mod is unchanged

  • I did bump the tools/go.mod proactively incase any of our tools switch to requiring 1.23, this makes it so we dependabot PRs don't fail later

• [ ] Tests for the changes have been added (for bug fixes/features)

Which issue(s) this PR fixes

Special notes for your reviewer

Does this PR introduce a user-facing change?

For user-facing changes, please add a concise, human-readable release note to the release-note

(In particular, describe what changes users might need to make in their application as a result of this pull request.)

NONE

[spencerschrock]

Also blocked on a new golangci-lint release (related issue)