Reduce stack usage of the pretty-printer

[RCHowell]

Relevant Issues

1400

TODO bench marking and versioning discussion. I'm porting these changes to Scribe now.

Description

This improves the pretty-printer performance (mem and stacksize) by using a linked-list rather than (similarly) creating a tree of links via link nodes. This is a more minimal implementation which uses fewer objects and stack frames. It also uses tail recursion when building the output string which mitigates stack size issues in that part.

Other Information

• Updated Unreleased Section in CHANGELOG: [YES/NO] Not yet.

• Any backward-incompatible changes? [YES/NO] Yes. This is technically a breaking API change, but I don't think the pretty printer is a core API. To be discussed.

• Any new external dependencies? [YES/NO] No

• Do your changes comply with the Contributing Guidelines and Code Style Guidelines? [YES/NO] Yes

License Information

By submitting this pull request, I confirm that my contribution is made under the terms of the Apache 2.0 license.

[github-actions[bot]]

Conformance comparison report

	Base (6da7496d775fa2167228c3a97bfbbd725ddf8ba4)	c8fa109d5d8fa18b30e8b69c7daa86abb89522d9	+/-
% Passing	92.54%	92.54%	0.00%
:white_check_mark: Passing	5384	5384	0
:x: Failing	434	434	0
:large_orange_diamond: Ignored	0	0	0
Total Tests	5818	5818	0

Number passing in both: 5384

Number failing in both: 434

Number passing in Base (6da7496d775fa2167228c3a97bfbbd725ddf8ba4) but now fail: 0

Number failing in Base (6da7496d775fa2167228c3a97bfbbd725ddf8ba4) but now pass: 0

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests :white_check_mark:

Project coverage is 73.14%. Comparing base (5bcde13) to head (440ec01). Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## main #1402 +/- ## ========================================= Coverage 73.14% 73.14% Complexity 2393 2393 ========================================= Files 247 247 Lines 17623 17623 Branches 3176 3176 ========================================= Hits 12890 12890 Misses 3856 3856 Partials 877 877 ``` | [Flag](https://app.codecov.io/gh/partiql/partiql-lang-kotlin/pull/1402/flags?src=pr&el=flags&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=partiql) | Coverage Δ | | |---|---|---| | [CLI](https://app.codecov.io/gh/partiql/partiql-lang-kotlin/pull/1402/flags?src=pr&el=flag&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=partiql) | `11.82% <ø> (ø)` | | | [EXAMPLES](https://app.codecov.io/gh/partiql/partiql-lang-kotlin/pull/1402/flags?src=pr&el=flag&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=partiql) | `80.07% <ø> (ø)` | | | [LANG](https://app.codecov.io/gh/partiql/partiql-lang-kotlin/pull/1402/flags?src=pr&el=flag&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=partiql) | `81.04% <ø> (ø)` | | Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. [Click here](https://docs.codecov.io/docs/carryforward-flags?utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=partiql#carryforward-flags-in-the-pull-request-comment) to find out more.

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