Add Type Checking and Inference Assertions and TypeEnv

[am357]

Background

The current tests' data model has the following assertions:

type::{
    name: Assertion,
    type: {
        one_of: [
            SyntaxSuccessAssertion,
            SyntaxFailAssertion,
            StaticAnalysisFailAssertion,
            EvaluationSuccessAssertion,
            EvaluationFailAssertion
        ]
    }
}

In addition, the current model does not support the typing environment to be used for type checking and inference.

On the other side, in partiql-lang-kotlin we have unit tests [1] [2] [3] for type checking and inference. In addition, we also have newer unit-tests [4] as part of PartiQLSchemaInferencer development that assert the correct type checking of PartiQL queries resulting to a StaticType as the output Schema. In addition, in partiql-lang-rust, we are introducing type checking and inference functionality [5] which will require the corresponding tests.

Ask

As PartiQL maintainer I want to have the required partiql-tests assertions for type checking and inference so that I can do the following: (1) write appropriate conformance tests for type checking and inference, and (2) extract the current unit-tests in partiql-lang-kotlin.

DoD

1. The model for assertions and typing environment is created.
2. As part of a separate GitHub issue related to this issue, the initial tests are ported from partiql-lang-kotlin are ported to partiql-tests.
3. As part of a separate GitHub issue related to this issue, the conformance test generators in PartiQL Kotlin and Rust implementations can generate the corresponding tests and make assertions based on them.

[1] https://github.com/partiql/partiql-lang-kotlin/blob/c5809251b24057306aff5e0fb6d433f93011bdd0/partiql-lang/src/test/kotlin/org/partiql/lang/ast/passes/inference/StaticTypeCastTests.kt

[2] https://github.com/partiql/partiql-lang-kotlin/blob/main/partiql-lang/src/test/kotlin/org/partiql/lang/eval/visitors/StaticTypeVisitorTransformTests.kt

[3] https://github.com/partiql/partiql-lang-kotlin/blob/main/partiql-lang/src/test/kotlin/org/partiql/lang/eval/visitors/StaticTypeInferenceVisitorTransformTest.kt

[4] https://github.com/partiql/partiql-lang-kotlin/blob/main/partiql-lang/src/test/kotlin/org/partiql/lang/planner/transforms/PartiQLSchemaInferencerTests.kt

[5] https://github.com/partiql/partiql-lang-rust/pull/399