update Redbot Image

[gOOvER]

Description

• update imaga to Debian 12
• update Java to 17
• fix user
• cleanup the image and remove 2 times git

All Submissions:

• [x] Have you ensured there aren't other open Pull Requests for the same update or change?
• [x] Have you created a new branch for your changes and PR from that branch and not from your master branch?

[gOOvER]

testrun: https://github.com/gOOvER/own-pterodactyl-images/actions/runs/5769741283/job/15642099346