Add Ubuntu 24 Support

[mfeit-internet2]

Title says it all.

To do:

• [x] Add Dockerfile-u24
• [x] Add u24 to all files containing u22
• [ ] Multi-arch updates to docker-envs/docker-compose.yml
• [ ] Verify proper operation on non-x86_64 platforms

[mfeit-internet2]

U24 builds and produces working images. I've checked out the x86_64 image and it seems to work fine, so merged the first cut into the main branch.

@laeti-tia Please take care of the remaining two items, merge any changes into main and close this issue.