Add docs to parsing source code

[EmirVildanov]

While exploring source code (mostly parser_state.rs) I've left some comments for better understanding of parsing process. I thought maybe they'll be useful for other contributors.

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[EmirVildanov]

thanks! there's a small formatting issue: https://github.com/pest-parser/pest/actions/runs/7459853275/job/20296935592?pr=964 otherwise it should be good to go

Yeah, thanks for noting. I've fixed it.