Exoplanets

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• PROXIMA-b
• TRAPPIST-1A
• Generazione Cyborg
• Star and Planets names

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Generazione Cyborg

TR-05024-E045 c RI-02030-F687 c

• Gist
• Exoplanets

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TRAPPIST-1A

• We're NASA scientists & exoplanet experts. Ask us anything about today's announcement of seven Earth-size planets orbiting TRAPPIST-1!

  The name of the game now is to find those near enough for atmospheric characterization.

  The first two planets were discovered by the TRAPPIST telescope in Chile, the others by the NASA Spitzer Space Telescope and several ground-based telescopes.

  "a" is for the star main star. We start naming companions with "b" if it is a planet, with "B" if it is another star.

  we can theorize about the idea of a microbial biomass colonizing different planets, then evolving independently.

  We don't know whether they are going clockwise or counterclockwise around the star.

  each planet shows transits of different length because it moves across the star at a different velocity.

  Yes. We detect transits of planets that happened 40 years ago.

• ABOUT TRAPPIST-1

  Ultra-cool stars are the most frequent kind of star in the Galaxy.

  The small size of the host star means the transit signals produced by Earth-sized planets are 80x more pronounced compared to similar planets transiting a Sun-like star.

  Planets like those of TRAPPIST-1 will open the study of what appears to our eyes like exotic climates, but that may in fact be some of the most usual climates outside the Solar system.

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Approved star and planet names

Object Type	Astronomical Designation	Approved Name	Citation
Star	14 Andromedae	Veritate*	From the latin "Veritas", truth. The ablative form means "where there is truth". (Note 1)
Planet	14 Andromedae b	Spe*	From the latin "Spes", hope. The ablative form means "where there is hope".
Star	18 Delphini	Musica
Planet	18 Delphini b	Arion	Arion was a genius of poetry and music in ancient Greece. According to legend, his life was saved at sea by dolphins after attracting their attention by the playing of his kithara.
Star	42 Draconis	Fafnir	Fafnir was a Norse mythological dwarf who turned into a dragon.
Planet	42 Draconis b	Orbitar	Orbitar is a contrived word paying homage to the space launch and orbital operations of NASA.
Star	47 Ursae Majoris	Chalawan	Chalawan is a mythological crocodile king from a Thai folktale.
Planet	47 Ursae Majoris b	Taphao Thong	Taphao Thong is one of two sisters associated with the Thai folk tale of Chalawan.
Planet	47 Ursae Majoris c	Taphao Kaew	Taphao Kae is one of two sisters associated with the Thai folk tale of Chalawan.
Star	51 Pegasi	Helvetios	Helvetios is the Latin for "the Helvetian" and refers to the Celtic tribe that lived in Switzerland during the Middle Ages.
Planet	51 Pegasi b	Dimidium	Dimidium is Latin for "half", referring to the planet's mass of at least half the mass of Jupiter.
Star	55 Cancri	Copernicus	Nicolaus Copernicus or Mikolaj Kopernik (1473-1543) was a Polish astronomer who proposed the heliocentric model of the solar system in his book "De revolutionibus orbium coelestium".
Planet	55 Cancri b	Galileo	Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) was an Italian astronomer and physicist often called the "father of observational astronomy" and the "father of modern physics". Using a telescope, he discovered the four largest satellites of Jupiter, and the reported the first telescopic observations of the phases of Venus, among other discoveries.
Planet	55 Cancri c	Brahe	Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) was a Danish astronomer and nobleman who recorded accurate astronomical observations of the stars and planets. These observations were critical to Kepler's formulation of his three laws of planetary motion.
Planet	55 Cancri d	Lipperhey*	Hans Lipperhey (1570-1619) was a German-Dutch lens grinder and spectacle maker who is often attributed with the invention of the refracting telescope in 1608. (Note 6)
Planet	55 Cancri e	Janssen	Jacharias Janssen (1580s-1630s) was a Dutch spectacle maker who is often attributed with invention of the microscope, and more controversially with the invention of the telescope.
Planet	55 Cancri f	Harriot	Thomas Harriot (ca. 1560-1621) was an English astronomer, mathematician, ethnographer, and translator, who is attributed with the first drawing of the Moon through telescopic observations.
Planet	Ain b (epsilon Tauri b)	Amateru*	"Amateru" is a common Japanese appellation for shrines when they enshrine Amaterasu, the Shinto goddess of the Sun, born from the left eye of the god Izanagi. (Note 2)
Planet	Edasich b (iota Draconis b)	Hypatia	Hypatia was a famous Greek astronomer, mathmatician, and philosopher. She was head of the Neo-Platonic school at Alexandria in the early 5th century, until murdered by a Christian mob in 415.
Star	epsilon Eridani	Ran*	Ran is the Norse goddess of the sea, who stirs up the waves and captures sailors with her net.
Planet	epsilon Eridani b	AEgir*	AEgir is Ran's husband, the personified god of the ocean. “AEgir” and “Ran” both represent the “Jotuns” who reign in the outer Universe; together they had nine daughters. (Note 3)
Planet	Errai b (gamma Cephei b)	Tadmor*	Ancient Semitic name and modern Arabic name for the city of Palmyra, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Planet	Fomalhaut b (alpha Piscis Austrini b)	Dagon	Dagon was a Semitic deity, often represented as half-man, half-fish.
Star	HD 104985	Tonatiuh	Tonatiuh was the Aztec god of the Sun.
Planet	HD 104985 b	Meztli	Meztli was the Aztec goddess of the Moon.
Star	HD 149026	Ogma*	Ogma was a deity of eloquence, writing, and great physical strength in the Celtic mythologies of Ireland and Scotland, and may be related to the Gallo-Roman deity "Ogmios". (Note 4)
Planet	HD 149026 b	Smertrios	Smertrios was a Gallic deity of war.
Star	HD 81688	Intercrus	Intercrus means "between the legs" in Latin style, referring to the star's position in the constellation Ursa Major.
Planet	HD 81688 b	Arkas	Arkas was the son of Callisto (Ursa Major) in Greek mythology.
Star	mu Arae	Cervantes	Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (1547-1616) was a famous Spanish writer and author of "El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quixote de la Mancha".
Planet	mu Arae b	Quijote	Lead fictional character from Cervantes's "El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quixote de la Mancha".
Planet	mu Arae c	Dulcinea	Fictional character and love interest of Don Quijote (or Quixote) in Cervantes's "El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quixote de la Mancha".
Planet	mu Arae d	Rocinante	Fictional horse of Don Quijote in Cervantes's "El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quixote de la Mancha".
Planet	mu Arae e	Sancho	Fictional squire of Don Quijote in Cervantes's "El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quixote de la Mancha".
Planet	Pollux b (beta Geminorum b)	Thestias*	Thestias is the patronym of Leda and her sister Althaea, the daughters of Thestius. Leda was a Greek goddess, mother of Pollux and of his twin Castor, and of Helen and Clytemnestra. (Note 5)
Star	PSR 1257+12	Lich	Lich is a fictional undead creature known for controlling other undead creatures with magic.
Planet	PSR 1257+12 b	Draugr	Draugr refers to undead creatures in Norse mythology.
Planet	PSR 1257+12 c	Poltergeist	Poltergeist is an name for supernatural beings that create physical disturbences, from German for "noisy ghost".
Planet	PSR 1257+12 d	Phobetor	Phobetor is a Greek mythological deity of nightmares, the son of Nyx, the primordial deity of night.
Star	upsilon Andromedae	Titawin	Titawin (also known as Medina of Tetouan) is a settlement in northern Morocco and UNESCO World Heritage Site. Historically it was an important point of contact between two civilizations (Spanish and Arab) and two continents (Europe and Africa) after the 8th century.
Planet	upsilon Andromedae b	Saffar	Saffar is named for Abu al-Qasim Ahmed Ibn-Abd Allah Ibn-Omar al Ghafiqi Ibn-al-Saffar, who taught arithmetic, geometry, and astronomy in 11th century Cordova in Andalusia (modern Spain), and wrote an influential treatise on the uses of the astrolabe.
Planet	upsilon Andromedae c	Samh	Samh is named for Abu al-Qasim 'Asbagh ibn Muhammad ibn al-Samh al-Mahri (or "Ibn al-Samh"), a noted 11th century astronomer and mathematician in the school of al Majriti in Cordova (Andalusia, now modern Spain).
Planet	upsilon Andromedae d	Majriti	Majriti is named for Abu al-Qasim al-Qurtubi al-Majriti, a notable mathematician, astronomer, scholar, and teacher in 10th century and early 11th century Andalusia (modern Spain).
Star	xi Aquilae	Libertas*	Libertas is Latin for "liberty". Liberty refers to social and political freedoms, and a reminder that there are people derived of liberty in the world even today. The constellation Aquila represents an eagle - a popular symbol of liberty.
Planet	xi Aquilae b	Fortitudo*	Fortitudo is Latin for "fortitude". Fortitude means emotional and mental strength in the face of adversity, as embodied by the eagle (represented by the constellation Aquila).

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Proxima b

• Habitable Planet Reality Check: Proxima Centauri b

AskScience AMA Series: We have discovered an Earth-mass exoplanet around the nearest star to our Solar System. AMA! : askscience

• PDF: eso1629a - A terrestrial planet candidate in a temperate orbit around Proxima Centauri.pdf
• Proxima Centauri is 15,000 AU (Sun-Earth distances) from the other two stars.
• The star is smaller, dimmer, redder, and cooler. It burns way slower, and will last for trillions of years. No red dwarf has died yet, in the history of the universe.
• Stars are comparatively simple, and we have very accurate models for them. A lone red dwarf will last for a long long time.

• The planet is 20x closer to its star than Earth is to the Sun, and the star is about 7x smaller than the Sun, so it should appear about 3x larger than the Sun appears from Earth (3x by radius, 9x by area).
• The first exoplanet tentatively identified around the second brightest star in the triple star system Alpha Centauri is accordingly called Alpha Centauri Bb. If an exoplanet orbits both of the stars in a binary system, its name can be, for example, Kepler-34(AB) b.

• With the best planet imagers we cannot currently directly image the planet.
• 1.3x earth mass is the minimum mass of this planet, it could be larger than that.
• The contrast of the star/planet could be as low as 104 at long wavelengths (10-12 microns). Therefore, space-based IR telescopes could be "one of the main ways to characterize the atmosphere and climate of nearby systems"