Contributing to chainer-compiler

[vermashresth]

Hi @shinh I have built chainer-compiler from source and have been going through the code base. I would like to contribute but needed some directions to start.

For adding Chainer Functions support ( like Issue #67 ), should the workflow first include adding the support for the function in onnx-chainer ( like PR chainer/onnx-chainer#44) using ops provided by ONNX or can they be implemented as done in PR #62 ?

Moreover, I am also interested in working with the Python AST for ch2o and elichika. Could you please suggest some basic feature improvements that I could try working on to get an idea about it?

[shinh]

Thanks for offering help! Honestly, I'm not sure we are ready to accept contributions, but let me try suggesting some good first tasks.

I think the current ONNX does not have F.shift mentioned in #67 and the process will be somewhat involved. As the first op, it'd be probably better to start with an ONNX standard op which has the standard test. Looking at the ONNX's operators (https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md), I guess followings could be a good candiates:

• HardSigmoid
• IsNaN: (note perhaps it's better to support new attributes proposed in: https://github.com/onnx/onnx/pull/1884)
• Tile

As for HardSigmoid, I think this op can be implemented by other ONNX ops. For such cases, I'm trying to use compiler/simplifier.cc to keep the backend implementation simple. 7505e17c23ea7a3e069aaef2e3058d26df20f089 could be a good example.

As for the latter two ops, I think you need to define new XCVM ops and call ChainerX ops in the backend implementation. See 2cc5b433898f8828082cf631ef673a9c1fba6eab for an example.

As for CH2O/elichika: since we're thinking of switching to elichika from CH2O, we'd like more ops support in elichika. The process would be something like

1. Copy a file from ch2o/tests/node to elichika/tests/node (e.g., Sigmoid.py)
2. Modify the test and scripts/elichika_tests.py
3. Modify elichika/elichika/chainer2onnx.py and elichika/elichika/parser/functions_builtin.py until the new test passes.

However, currently, adding a new op is as simple as CH2O. I'm guessing we need to refactor how operator emitters are implemented in future, so I'm not very sure if adding new ops to elichika with the current interface is a great idea. @durswd, please correct me if I'm wrong.

[vermashresth]

Thanks for the detailed information! I will start with the ops you mentioned. Also, I was just wondering, is onnx-chainer not involved in any part of the process of supporting new operations?

[shinh]

Sorry I forgot mentioning onnx-chainer. C++ chainer-compiler is an ONNX importer while onnx-chainer, CH2O, and elichika are ONNX exporters. For end-to-end user experience (export chainer model as an ONNX file and run it by chainer-compiler), adding new ops to onnx-chainer is important. So contributions are welcome. As you mentioned, https://github.com/chainer/onnx-chainer/pull/44 will be a good example, though API was changed a bit since then. However, I'm not sure if there is a good easy op to be implemented. ONNX-chainer has a longer history than this project and it's coverage is fairly good. FYI, Where op, which was recently added to ONNX, is missing (https://github.com/chainer/onnx-chainer/pull/24) but I think @disktnk is working on it now.

From perspective of C++ chainer-compiler, when you add support of an op, we need a test ONNX model which contains the op. The easiest way is to use ONNX's standard tests. For three ops I mentioned, ONNX has test cases (https://github.com/onnx/onnx/tree/master/onnx/backend/test/data/node/test_hardsigmoid). You can find it in third_party/onnx/onnx/backend/test/data/node/test_hardsigmoid in your cloned repository. When there is no ONNX's standard testcase (e.g., non-standard ops) or it's coverage is not 100% (e.g., backprop), we need to generate tests by ourselves. For such case, we use scripts/gen_backprop_tests_oc.py (onnx-chainer based test generator), scripts/gen_backprop_tests_pc.py (ch2o based test generator), or scripts/gen_extra_tests.py.

[vermashresth]

Hi @shinh This makes things much more clear! I still have one more question though.

Since ch2o is an ONNX exporter, from what I have understood, I think that the func.py file contains a mapping from Chainer functions to ONNX ops. While it seems straightforward to implement those functions which have a similar counterpart in ONNX ops (such as F.expand_dims -> unsqueeze), I couldn't comprehend ONNX op names such as 'ChainerSequenceStack' or 'ChainerResizeImages' and how they are themselves defined.

[shinh]

We added some custom ops to ONNX. I think they are either

1. sequence related (to handle Python's list)
2. gradient related (ONNX does not have MaxPoolGrad for example)
3. ops missing in ONNX (e.g., ROIAverageAlign2D)

I think we should/want to propose some ops in the category 3, but unfortunately, we haven't done yet :(

Though there's no documentation about these custom ops, here is the list: https://github.com/pfnet-research/chainer-compiler/blob/master/compiler/gen_node.py#L212

Also, note other vendors have some custom ops (e.g., https://github.com/Microsoft/onnxruntime/blob/master/docs/ContribOperators.md).

[shinh]

@vermashresth Please let me hijack this issue to make sure information is not scattered.

Questions from Rishav:

1) I need some starting pointers for understanding the experimental chainer compiler, like where to start from and what major libraries I need to be familiar with.

I think the former question is mostly answered in https://github.com/pfnet-research/chainer-compiler/issues/101#issuecomment-478423823

As for major libraries, I think you first need to understand ONNX. I think these two documents are very helpful to familialize yourself to ONNX.

https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/IR.md https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md

2) An example of a recent expansion added to the compiler so that I can follow what is the expectation for the project.

https://github.com/pfnet-research/chainer-compiler/commit/7505e17c23ea7a3e069aaef2e3058d26df20f089 https://github.com/pfnet-research/chainer-compiler/commit/2cc5b433898f8828082cf631ef673a9c1fba6eab https://github.com/pfnet-research/chainer-compiler/commit/cea7341224d5900e6af29726cf458f166fc01da8

may be hints to help you to understand how operators are created and executed.

[Rishav1]

@shinh Thank you for addressing my questions. I find myself interested in extending the processing of python jump statements in both elichika and ch2o. I am aware of how dreadful using tf.while_loop with break condition is. Extending onnx graph generation to support loops with jumps would be an awesome feature I think.

I have some more queries relating to elichika and ch2o.

• From [overview docs](), I understand that currently elichika is meant to eventually replace ch2o. If that's the case, what is the current gap between them in terms of
  • ONNX operator coverage--what subset of operators can the onnx output contain?
  • supported Chainer functions and nodes---is the list of tests(node, syntax and model) an accurate representation of supported operations in each module? If not, how can I identify disparity.
• Elichika seems to be missing the ability to form backward computation computation graph. I don't understand how the backward computation graph is being generated in ch2o from the chainer model. Wouldn't it require processing the source of backward call too?
• In elichika parser core#L21-L23, search is not performed in child modules which poses a limitation on how the modules need to be imported. For eg. import chainer.functions as F and from chainer import functions make the module functions available in search, but if it's indirectly imported via chainer like import chainer or import chainer.functions then the search fails. Implementation can be improved to do a recursive search on the parent modules instead.
• If say my chainer model uses F.softmax_cross_entropy() in forward function, does the translation to onnx via either elichila and ch2o involve just creating a node with name '@F..softmax_cross_entropy', type 'Softmax' and input-output names? Am I missing something?

[shinh]

tf.while_loop

Yeah, my experience with it was exactly the motivation I wanted Python loop support in the compiler stack.

ONNX operator coverage

Yes, you are right. (ch2o|elichika)/tests/node should be almost accurate. You would see elichika really needs more ops :)

backward in elichika

Both CH2O and elichika do not emit graphs with backprop. The compiler middle end generates op nodes for backward computation. (https://github.com/pfnet-research/chainer-compiler/blob/master/compiler/gradient.cc and https://github.com/pfnet-research/chainer-compiler/blob/master/compiler/gradient_ops.cc)

The commented out code was meant to generate expected gradient values by running the test model with Chainer. It was just a TODO, and it was fairly easy to fix: https://github.com/pfnet-research/chainer-compiler/pull/124

module lookup

I'm not 100% sure, but I think you are right (@durswd would correct me if I'm wrong). In general, I think there are a bunch of rooms for improvement around name lookup in elichika. Patches are welcome :)

functions to ONNX translation

Yes, you are right. It should be very easy to add ops once we implemented basic framework to handle variety of ops.

As for the specific case of F.softmax_cross_entropy, ONNX's Softmax is F.softmax, not F.softmax_cross_entropy. ONNX does not have it so we need either

1. implement it by some consecutive ops (https://github.com/chainer/onnx-chainer/blob/master/onnx_chainer/functions/loss.py#L35) or
2. use custom ChainerSoftmaxCrossEntropy op (https://github.com/pfnet-research/chainer-compiler/blob/master/ch2o/ch2o/funcs.py#L215)

Also, in addition to inputs/outputs, you also need to set attributes properly. For example, ONNX's Softmax has axis attribute so this value should be copied from the parameter passed to F.softmax. https://github.com/pfnet-research/chainer-compiler/blob/master/ch2o/ch2o/funcs.py#L533

[Rishav1]

@shinh I have the a doubt regarding ForAndIf.py syntax test in ch2o. It seems from the netron visualization of the generated onnx file that the if condition computation graph is not being represented.

I even tried the official net drawer tool, and it seems it also doesn't completely represent the graph (though does give more details).

I want to see the details of loop subgraph. Is there a way to do so?

Also, what does _find_in_out() function do exactly? I understand that it is keeping track of values will change inside the for loop body. But there are very specific condition based statements inside that I an unable to comprehend.

[shinh]

I think these visualizers do not support subgraphs, unfortunately. Usually, I just read ASCII proto dump from build/tools/dump or build/tools/run_onnx --dump_onnx, but extracting subgraphs by this script may also help: https://github.com/shinh/test/blob/master/extract_onnx_subgraph.py

[shinh]

Yeah, _find_in_out is very complex and would still have some bugs. I think a lot of complexity were due to CH2O is a one pass translator. It does not know which variables are used/modified/created inside a for-loop when it is parsing Python for. _find_in_out tries to extract these information using information in subgraphs and Env.(read|wrote)_attrs.