Add `go.mod` parser - Githubissues

This PR adds support for parsing go.mod files with a Go directive of version 1.17 and higher.

Checklist

[x] Does this PR have an associated issue (i.e., closes #<issueNum> in description above)?
[x] Have you ensured that you have met the expected acceptance criteria?
[x] Have you created sufficient tests?
[x] Have you updated all affected documentation?
[x] Have you updated CHANGELOG.md (or extensions/CHANGELOG.md), if applicable