support setting extra command line arguments for TiDB

[csuzhangxc]

What problem does this PR solve?

close #5625

What is changed and how does it work?

Code changes

• [x] Has Go code change
• [ ] Has CI related scripts change

Tests

• [x] Unit test
• [ ] E2E test
• [x] Manual test
  • create a new TidbCluster
    1. apply a TidbCluster CR with .spec.tidb.arguments set
    2. check the generate ConfigMap and the startup log of TiDB to check the extral arguments is used
  • update arguments for a existing TidbCluster
    1. update the TidbCluster CR with .spec.tidb.arguments set
    2. check a new ConfigMap is generated and TiDB Pods restart with the new config
• [ ] No code

Side effects

• [ ] Breaking backward compatibility
• [ ] Other side effects:

Related changes

• [ ] Need to cherry-pick to the release branch
• [ ] Need to update the documentation

Release Notes

Please refer to Release Notes Language Style Guide before writing the release note.

support setting extra command line arguments for TiDB

[ti-chi-bot[bot]]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is NOT APPROVED

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[csuzhangxc]

/run-all-tests

[csuzhangxc]

/run-pull-e2e-kind-basic

[csuzhangxc]

/run-pull-e2e-kind-across-kubernetes

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 71.42857% with 2 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 48.03%. Comparing base (3897095) to head (6a11185).

Additional details and impacted files

```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## master #5624 +/- ## =========================================== - Coverage 61.46% 48.03% -13.43% =========================================== Files 235 219 -16 Lines 30397 30216 -181 =========================================== - Hits 18683 14515 -4168 - Misses 9840 13959 +4119 + Partials 1874 1742 -132 ``` | [Flag](https://app.codecov.io/gh/pingcap/tidb-operator/pull/5624/flags?src=pr&el=flags&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=pingcap) | Coverage Δ | | |---|---|---| | [e2e](https://app.codecov.io/gh/pingcap/tidb-operator/pull/5624/flags?src=pr&el=flag&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=pingcap) | `48.03% <71.42%> (?)` | | | [unittest](https://app.codecov.io/gh/pingcap/tidb-operator/pull/5624/flags?src=pr&el=flag&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=pingcap) | `?` | |

[csuzhangxc]

/run-pull-e2e-kind-serial

[csuzhangxc]

/run-pull-e2e-kind-tngm