ticdc(redo, sink): return correct error in redo writer & fix default retryer (#11747)

[ti-chi-bot]

This is an automated cherry-pick of #11747

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #11744

What is changed and how it works?

This issue is introduced in #11011. If redo encoding worker closed since context canceld(ref the fix), the external module is not aware of the internal error anyway. Then the checkpoinTs/resolvedTs may continue to advance normally even if the redo writer has been closed.

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)

Questions

Will it cause performance regression or break compatibility?

Do you need to update user documentation, design documentation or monitoring documentation?

Release note

`Fix a bug where the redo module could not report errors correctly`.

[ti-chi-bot[bot]]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: CharlesCheung96

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Needs approval from an approver in each of these files: - ~~[OWNERS](https://github.com/pingcap/tiflow/blob/release-8.1/OWNERS)~~ [CharlesCheung96] Approvers can indicate their approval by writing `/approve` in a comment Approvers can cancel approval by writing `/approve cancel` in a comment

[CharlesCheung96]

/retest

[CharlesCheung96]

/retest

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 17.64706% with 14 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Please upload report for BASE (release-8.1@0c49d2a). Learn more about missing BASE report.

Additional details and impacted files

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