ESP32CAM Fails at Linking firmware.elf

[TackleBac]

I am using PlatformIO v2.2.1 I am trying to set up this project although I am getting some errors, other errors I was able to debug and find a solution, but this elf issue I cannot seem to resolve.

The tutorial is here https://d268s23yov0ww.cloudfront.net/aws-csdk-mqtt-rekognition-src.zip - a aws guide by amazon.

my plantformio.ini looks like this

[env:esp32dev] platform = espressif32 **//I have also tried using the url here as per other solutions, still same error** framework = espidf **// I have also swapped board and framework order, still same issue.** board = esp32cam monitor_speed = 115200 upload_port = COM32 board_build.embed_txtfiles = src/certs/private.pem.key src/certs/certificate.pem.crt src/certs/aws-root-ca.pem board_build.partitions = partitions_singleapp.csv

Below is the error i receive Linking .pio\build\esp32dev\firmware.elf c:/users/imgreenman/.platformio/packages/toolchain-xtensa32/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp32-elf/8.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/ld.exe: .pio\build\esp32dev\esp-idf\.pio\build\esp32dev\aws-root-ca.pem.S.o: in functionaws_root_ca_pem': (.rodata.embedded+0x0): multiple definition of aws_root_ca_pem'; .pio\build\esp32dev\aws-root-ca.pem.o:(.rodata.embedded+0x0): first defined here c:/users/imgreenman/.platformio/packages/toolchain-xtensa32/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp32-elf/8.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/ld.exe: .pio\build\esp32dev\esp-idf\.pio\build\esp32dev\aws-root-ca.pem.S.o: in functionaws_root_ca_pem': (.rodata.embedded+0x0): multiple definition of _binary_aws_root_ca_pem_start'; .pio\build\esp32dev\aws-root-ca.pem.o:(.rodata.embedded+0x0): first defined here c:/users/imgreenman/.platformio/packages/toolchain-xtensa32/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp32-elf/8.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/ld.exe: .pio\build\esp32dev\esp-idf\.pio\build\esp32dev\aws-root-ca.pem.S.o: in function_binary_aws_root_ca_pem_end': (.rodata.embedded+0x4a5): multiple definition of _binary_aws_root_ca_pem_end'; .pio\build\esp32dev\aws-root-ca.pem.o:(.rodata.embedded+0x4a5): first defined here c:/users/imgreenman/.platformio/packages/toolchain-xtensa32/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp32-elf/8.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/ld.exe: .pio\build\esp32dev\esp-idf\.pio\build\esp32dev\aws-root-ca.pem.S.o: in function_binary_aws_root_ca_pem_end': (.rodata.embedded+0x4a5): multiple definition of aws_root_ca_pem_length'; .pio\build\esp32dev\aws-root-ca.pem.o:(.rodata.embedded+0x4a5): first defined here c:/users/imgreenman/.platformio/packages/toolchain-xtensa32/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp32-elf/8.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/ld.exe: .pio\build\esp32dev\esp-idf\.pio\build\esp32dev\certificate.pem.crt.S.o: in functioncertificate_pem_crt': (.rodata.embedded+0x0): multiple definition of certificate_pem_crt'; .pio\build\esp32dev\certificate.pem.crt.o:(.rodata.embedded+0x0): first defined here c:/users/imgreenman/.platformio/packages/toolchain-xtensa32/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp32-elf/8.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/ld.exe: .pio\build\esp32dev\esp-idf\.pio\build\esp32dev\certificate.pem.crt.S.o: in functioncertificate_pem_crt': (.rodata.embedded+0x0): multiple definition of _binary_certificate_pem_crt_start'; .pio\build\esp32dev\certificate.pem.crt.o:(.rodata.embedded+0x0): first defined here c:/users/imgreenman/.platformio/packages/toolchain-xtensa32/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp32-elf/8.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/ld.exe: .pio\build\esp32dev\esp-idf\.pio\build\esp32dev\certificate.pem.crt.S.o: in function_binary_certificate_pem_crt_end': (.rodata.embedded+0x4c9): multiple definition of _binary_certificate_pem_crt_end'; .pio\build\esp32dev\certificate.pem.crt.o:(.rodata.embedded+0x4c9): first defined here c:/users/imgreenman/.platformio/packages/toolchain-xtensa32/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp32-elf/8.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/ld.exe: .pio\build\esp32dev\esp-idf\.pio\build\esp32dev\certificate.pem.crt.S.o: in function_binary_certificate_pem_crt_end': (.rodata.embedded+0x4c9): multiple definition of certificate_pem_crt_length'; .pio\build\esp32dev\certificate.pem.crt.o:(.rodata.embedded+0x4c9): first defined here c:/users/imgreenman/.platformio/packages/toolchain-xtensa32/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp32-elf/8.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/ld.exe: .pio\build\esp32dev\esp-idf\.pio\build\esp32dev\private.pem.key.S.o: in functionprivate_pem_key': (.rodata.embedded+0x0): multiple definition of private_pem_key'; .pio\build\esp32dev\private.pem.key.o:(.rodata.embedded+0x0): first defined here c:/users/imgreenman/.platformio/packages/toolchain-xtensa32/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp32-elf/8.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/ld.exe: .pio\build\esp32dev\esp-idf\.pio\build\esp32dev\private.pem.key.S.o: in functionprivate_pem_key': (.rodata.embedded+0x0): multiple definition of _binary_private_pem_key_start'; .pio\build\esp32dev\private.pem.key.o:(.rodata.embedded+0x0): first defined here c:/users/imgreenman/.platformio/packages/toolchain-xtensa32/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp32-elf/8.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/ld.exe: .pio\build\esp32dev\esp-idf\.pio\build\esp32dev\private.pem.key.S.o: in function_binary_private_pem_key_end': (.rodata.embedded+0x690): multiple definition of _binary_private_pem_key_end'; .pio\build\esp32dev\private.pem.key.o:(.rodata.embedded+0x690): first defined here c:/users/imgreenman/.platformio/packages/toolchain-xtensa32/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp32-elf/8.2.0/../../../../xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/ld.exe: .pio\build\esp32dev\esp-idf\.pio\build\esp32dev\private.pem.key.S.o: in function_binary_private_pem_key_end': (.rodata.embedded+0x690): multiple definition of private_pem_key_length'; .pio\build\esp32dev\private.pem.key.o:(.rodata.embedded+0x690): first defined here collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status *** [.pio\build\esp32dev\firmware.elf] Error 1

**I created new certs, does not make a difference, I have commented them out in the platfromio.ini to receive a different warning.

There was a an error** home/xxx/workspace/m5cam/components/esp32-camera/driver/twi.c:61:24: error: 'rtc_gpio_desc' undeclared (first use in this function); did you mean 'rtc_io_desc'? uint32_t rtc_reg = rtc_gpio_desc[pin].reg;

Which was resolved by https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/30533684/82684064-04b3cc00-9c20-11ea-82bb-a4b4960fbe71.png

Any help would be appreciated.

[dmitry-cherkas]

+1, however the issue is quite unlikely to be related to the PlatformIO itself

[kennycoder]

I'm building with the following versions:

• espressif32 1.12.3
• framework-espidf 3.40001.200521 (4.0.1)
• tool-cmake 3.16.4
• tool-esptoolpy 1.20600.0 (2.6.0)
• tool-idf 1.0.1
• tool-mconf 1.4060000.20190628 (406.0.0)
• tool-ninja 1.9.0
• toolchain-esp32ulp 1.22851.190618 (2.28.51)
• toolchain-xtensa32 2.80200.200226 (8.2.0)`

However after upgrading to the latest versions of everything it started to fail linking. I will look into what is happening and will report back here.

[kennycoder]

https://community.platformio.org/t/m5stack-esp32-linking-error-collect2-exe-error-ld-returned-1-exit-status/17200/4

[TackleBac]

https://community.platformio.org/t/m5stack-esp32-linking-error-collect2-exe-error-ld-returned-1-exit-status/17200/4

Thank you very much it seems an espressif32 error??

[dmitry-cherkas]

@kennycoder , thanks for the hint. Indeed when I downgrade the platform version in platformio.ini per below, the build passes successfully:

platform = espressif32@1.12.3

[dmitry-cherkas]

Similar issue occurred in the past :https://github.com/platformio/platform-espressif32/issues/259

[kennycoder]

Ok I found the issue with the newer version. In the src folder, open CMakeLists.txt and remove the following:

if(CONFIG_EXAMPLE_EMBEDDED_CERTS) target_add_binary_data(${COMPONENT_TARGET} "certs/aws-root-ca.pem" TEXT) target_add_binary_data(${COMPONENT_TARGET} "certs/certificate.pem.crt" TEXT) target_add_binary_data(${COMPONENT_TARGET} "certs/private.pem.key" TEXT) endif()

This is not necessary anymore

I will update the main source code provided with AWS's example. Thanks for reporting!

[TackleBac]

Ok I found the issue with the newer version. In the src folder, open CMakeLists.txt and remove the following:

if(CONFIG_EXAMPLE_EMBEDDED_CERTS) target_add_binary_data(${COMPONENT_TARGET} "certs/aws-root-ca.pem" TEXT) target_add_binary_data(${COMPONENT_TARGET} "certs/certificate.pem.crt" TEXT) target_add_binary_data(${COMPONENT_TARGET} "certs/private.pem.key" TEXT) endif()

This is not necessary anymore

I will update the main source code provided with AWS's example. Thanks for reporting!

Brilliant Work, I havent really used CMAKE previously although some forum posts I found did mention CMAKE. I find alot of AWS tutorials outdated from either the way AWS layout of services, or code not building. Its great to be able to test this when i get home :) Thank you

[TackleBac]

Ok I found the issue with the newer version. In the src folder, open CMakeLists.txt and remove the following:

if(CONFIG_EXAMPLE_EMBEDDED_CERTS) target_add_binary_data(${COMPONENT_TARGET} "certs/aws-root-ca.pem" TEXT) target_add_binary_data(${COMPONENT_TARGET} "certs/certificate.pem.crt" TEXT) target_add_binary_data(${COMPONENT_TARGET} "certs/private.pem.key" TEXT) endif()

This is not necessary anymore

I will update the main source code provided with AWS's example. Thanks for reporting!

Any idea why this appears?? .platformio\packages\framework-espidf\components\mbedtls\port\esp32\esp_bignum.c:254:5: warning: no previous prototype for 'esp_mpi_mul_mpi_mod' [-Wmissing-prototypes] int esp_mpi_mul_mpi_mod(mbedtls_mpi Z, const mbedtls_mpi X, const mbedtls_mpi Y, const mbedtls_mpi M)

[dmitry-cherkas]

@TackleBac , try starting all over. I've managed to make it work without any code changes (on platform = espressif32@1.12.3). I had to update the IAM Policy to use wildcard for iot:Subscribe action, so replacing:

{
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": "iot:Subscribe",
      "Resource": "arn:aws:iot:REGION:ACCOUNT_ID:topicfilter/esp32/sub/data"
    },
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": "iot:Subscribe",
      "Resource": "arn:aws:iot:REGION:ACCOUNT_ID:topicfilter/esp32/sub/url"
    }

with

{
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "iot:Subscribe"
      ],
      "Resource": [
        "arn:aws:iot:REGION:ACCOUNT_ID:topicfilter/esp32/sub/*"
      ]
    },

Otherwise it would not subscribe to esp32/sub/+ with -12 error code. @kennycoder , you might want to incorporate this into the article as well. Thanks again for your help and putting this together, very useful.

[TackleBac]

When i download the code form the tutorial and just build it, after running menu to setup ssid and password, It throws up some warning about the CMAKE file is missing, also "tcpip_adapter_init () is deprecated please use esp_netif_init ()" do you change this ??? I have tried both ways and cannot seem to get the picture to send. Running the test on iot core does return what the image objects are, just not successful from esp32cam as of yet.

[dmitry-cherkas]

Deprecation warnings can be ignored, but if I recall correctly, I was only facing them on latest platform and not when I built with platform = espressif32@1.12.3. As for CMAKE errors, I was occasionally receiving those, cleaning the project and re-building it once again solved it for me.

[TackleBac]

Ok I will try it later and report back what happens.

[valeros]

Please reopen if you still need help.