There are three different Arduino cores for STM32 microcontrollers: STM32Duino, Arduino STM32 (maple) and STM32L0. All of them have been developed independently, therefore, have different functionality and set of internal libraries. By default, official STM32Duino core is used (except cases when a board supports only one specific core). Some of the boards support all three cores. To change the core you can use a board_build.core option that needs be added to build_flags:
An example of “platformio.ini” (Project Configuration File) with maple core
See: https://docs.platformio.org/en/latest/platforms/ststm32.html#switching-between-arduino-cores
Only 'maple' is given as example. What are the exact values (and correct casing) for the other two options?
The documentation should be more clear about this and show a table listing the different possible values.