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pledge4future / co2calculator

Python package to calculate work related CO2 emissions from heating and electricity consumption as well as business trips and commuting.
https://pledge4future.github.io/co2calculator/
GNU General Public License v3.0
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Adapt emission factors to other countries #29

Open redfrexx opened 3 years ago

han16nah commented 2 years ago

Changed to prio 1, focus on (south-west) European countries (possible future beta testers)

han16nah commented 2 years ago

Possibly useful resources:

han16nah commented 2 years ago

ON EMISSION FACTORS FOR FRANCE

WIkipedia article for train emission factors in France:

French article on different modes of transport and their emission factors:

French article/study on e-scooters (and comparison with other modes of transport): https://media.motorbox.com/media/7/0/2/702801/702801.pdf -> 105.5 g CO2e/km/passenger.

English study on e-scooters:

han16nah commented 2 years ago

updated version... Where should we save it? base_carbone_select_translate.xlsx

Maybe in co2calculator/data/other_sources/ ? Could also first be in a new branch, e.g. ef_france until we have a more final version? Maybe also as .csv instead of .xlsx? I will have a look at the file within the next days :)

veitu commented 2 years ago

The csv with France emission factors is in the branch dev-ef_france in co2calculator/data/other_sources/

Differences of the France emission factors compared to our Germany emission factors:

han16nah commented 2 years ago

The csv with France emission factors is in the branch dev-ef_france in co2calculator/data/other_sources/

Differences of the France emission factors compared to our Germany emission factors:

* long-distance buses are missing

* no data for gasoline and diesel cars of different sizes

* heating: no data for electric heating, heat pump, and solar heating

* no flight data according to passenger class, but different emission factors exist according to plane size

* district heating emission factors for about 600 French municipalities are available ("steam coming from a network")

* there are emission factors for some other modes of transport that we don't have yet, like e-scooters

Thank you Veit, great work!

Maybe now that we are starting to have different sources, we can eventually create an overview of the differences between the emission factors and discuss them a bit :) might even be solved with a small python script.

alexbercik commented 2 years ago

In the process of synthesizing lots of sources for life cycle assessment of emission factors, will share the results soon. But in the meantime wanted to share this resource for UK, which is quite extensive. Contains everything we would need to extend the tool there (heating, electricity, gas, steam, refrigerants, transportation, waste disposal, etc)

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/greenhouse-gas-reporting-conversion-factors-2020

han16nah commented 2 years ago

In the process of synthesizing lots of sources for life cycle assessment of emission factors, will share the results soon. But in the meantime wanted to share this resource for UK, which is quite extensive. Contains everything we would need to extend the tool there (heating, electricity, gas, steam, refrigerants, transportation, waste disposal, etc)

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/greenhouse-gas-reporting-conversion-factors-2020

Yes, we already use the emission factors for air travel from this source :) But true, it is very extensive and definitely an important resource

han16nah commented 2 years ago

Here is a nice list of life cycle databases: https://ghgprotocol.org/life-cycle-databases includes PROBAS, GEMIS and Bilan Carbone but also many many more! very useful @veitu @alexbercik

alexbercik commented 2 years ago

I'm currently assembling a list of emission factors for different power grids by location (compiling it from the ghg protocol website, which is great). I came across some terminology, namely the difference between a "location-based" approach and a "market-based" approach. Location-based is the simpler, older way of doing things in IPCC reporting, where for each region a single average emission factor is assigned for a given energy mix. A market-based approach though takes into account that companies can pay extra to ensure that a certain percentage of power comes from renewable sources. The average consumer then that does not pay these extra fees is actually using energy from a "residual-mix", that is the emission factor will be slightly higher since the relative contribution of non-renewable sources will be higher. This residual mix is calculated by explicitly subtracting the green energy contributions ensured these contracts from the overall mix.

This leads to the question, should we be using residual mixes (when available) in our methodology? Or should we stick to the simpler location-based averages? Thoughts @han16nah @veitu ?

Probably worth adding my opinion: I think whenever possible it makes more sense to use the residual mix, then offer the option to manually input a different number if they know it, similar to heating with the "ontario average" option

alexbercik commented 2 years ago

I had a discussion with Veit today. We are leaning towards using the "market-based" approach. Even though ideally we would use a residual mix, this offers some challenges. For example, with a market-based approach we can get emission factors directly from the UN National Inventory Submissions (https://unfccc.int/ghg-inventories-annex-i-parties/2022) which are updated every year and (I believe) are always given in CO2e/kWh, which allows for some standard. This will make updating the factors easy in the future. On the other hand, for residual mixes we have to rely on third-parties. For North America for example, residual mix calculations are done by Green-e (https://www.green-e.org/residual-mix) and for Europe they are done by the Association of Issuing Bodies (https://www.aib-net.org/facts/european-residual-mix). While this worked well up until the 2020 release (for 2018 data), in the 2021 report (2019 data) the European mixes were no longer reported in CO2e/kWh, denoted "GWP Direct = Direct onsite Global Warming Potential emissions". Instead, only Direct CO2 emissions were given due to difficulties in updating the advanced emission factors stemming from international trading activities. For that reason it is not entirely clear how to use residual mixes any more. Perhaps another source can be used for Europe? For now it is easier to stick to a market-based approach.

*note that these are the same sources used by the GHG emissions calculation tool developed by Greenhouse Gas Protocol (https://ghgprotocol.org/ghg-emissions-calculation-tool) as of May 2022

alexbercik commented 2 years ago

I have opened up a new branch dev-emissionfactors and have started putting in some new factors. I am splitting up the file emission_factors.csv into for example emission_factors_electricity.csv and emission_factors_transport.csv . I have so far only started putting in different sources to emission_factors_electricity.csv but plan on opening another one soon for heating sources, which I have obtained from some of the same sources (ex. National Inventory Submissions)

Fierrabras commented 2 years ago

ON EMISSION FACTORS FOR SPAIN

Government data on emission factors (issued May 2022):

Report on the emission of greenhouse gases in 2020 (Spanish Centre for Metrology):

WIkipedia article for emission factors (not Spain-specific):

Spanish Electrical Network website - CO2 emissions and emission factors in electricity production over definable period:

Guideline to calculation of local CO2 emission factors in electricity consumption, heating/cooling, green energy production and combustion (with data from other European countries -> possible benchmarks/cross-checks):

Table (source: regional government of Valencia) on emission factors for different kinds of fuel:

Practical guide on the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions (2011, regional government of Balearic Islands):

veitu commented 2 years ago

I have now inserted all of the emission factors for France from the source https://data.ademe.fr/datasets/base-carbone%28r%29 into the branch dev-emissionfactors and deleted the branch dev-ef-france.

alexbercik commented 1 year ago

As mentioned in Issue #91 , we will add a TODO on the current dev-emissionfactors branch emission factor csv files to add a column indicating whether or not the source is consistent with the values used by the GHG protocol.

veitu commented 1 year ago

Electricity done: energy mix EU countries missing: solar energy Belgium, Italy, Spain, Portugal

Heating done: emission factors for most energy sources in Belgium, France, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, but incomplete missing: emission factors for Italy

Transport done:

missing: