[IBC] Implement the ICS-02 Client interfaces

[h5law]

Description

Summary generated by Reviewpad on 26 Jul 23 10:09 UTC

This pull request introduces various changes across multiple files in the codebase.

Here is a summary of the changes:

• The file ibc/main_test.go has undergone changes related to the constructor method call from "newProvableStore" to "NewProvableStore".
• The file ibc/main_test.go has changes in the function newTestP2PModule, bus.RegisterModule(p2pMock) line removal, and prepareEnvironment function modification.
• The file queries.go in the ibc/client/types package includes the addition of new functions for retrieving and storing client and consensus states.
• The file submodule.go in the ibc/client package adds the implementation of a client manager module for managing the creation, update, and upgrade of clients.
• The file ibc/client/types/validate_test.go contains new test cases for validating various types in the types package.
• The file keys_ics02.go in the ibc/path package includes changes related to store keys and paths for client and consensus states.
• The file provable_store_test.go has changes in the test cases and the constructor method call, replacing newProvableStore with NewProvableStore.
• The file queries.go in the ibc/client package introduces new functions for retrieving client and consensus states.
• The file upgrade.go adds new types and functions related to upgrading the client state.
• The file events.go includes implementations related to emitting events for the IBC client.
• The file event_keys.go defines constants and variables related to the events emitted by the Client submodule.
• The file misbehaviour.go adds a new struct and methods related to handling misbehavior by clients.
• The file header.go adds a new file with types and methods related to the Wasm client consensus algorithm.
• The file consensus_state.go includes the implementation of the ConsensusState struct and its associated methods.
• The file ibc/docs/README.md has additions related to the ICS-02 implementation and links to relevant resources.
• The file fraction.go introduces a new file with types and methods for comparing and performing operations on fractions.
• The file errors.go includes changes related to error codes and a new error.
• The file update.go adds types and methods for verifying and updating client states.
• The file introspect.go introduces new functions for retrieving and verifying client and consensus states.
• The file types.go adds implementations related to the IBC client for a Wasm module.
• The file ibc/host/submodule.go includes changes related to imports and function modifications.

Please review these changes carefully to ensure they adhere to the code's functionality and requirements.

Issue

Fixes #894

Type of change

Please mark the relevant option(s):

• [x] New feature, functionality or library
• [ ] Bug fix
• [ ] Code health or cleanup
• [ ] Major breaking change
• [ ] Documentation
• [ ] Other

List of changes

• Implement the generic WASM messages according to their interfaces
• Implement the ClientManager interface in the client submodule
• Finish ICS-24 related host introspection methods
• Leave placeholders for #912 WASM implementations
• Add unit tests
• Update documentation

Testing

• [x] make develop_test; if any code changes were made
• [x] make test_e2e on k8s LocalNet; if any code changes were made
• [x] e2e-devnet-test passes tests on DevNet; if any code was changed
• [x] Docker Compose LocalNet; if any major functionality was changed or introduced
• [x] k8s LocalNet; if any infrastructure or configuration changes were made

Required Checklist

• [x] I have performed a self-review of my own code
• [x] I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• [x] I have added, or updated, godoc format comments on touched members (see: tip.golang.org/doc/comment)
• [x] I have tested my changes using the available tooling
• [ ] I have updated the corresponding CHANGELOG

If Applicable Checklist

• [x] I have updated the corresponding README(s); local and/or global
• [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works
• [ ] I have added, or updated, mermaid.js diagrams in the corresponding README(s)
• [ ] I have added, or updated, documentation and mermaid.js diagrams in shared/docs/* if I updated shared/*README(s)

[h5law]

References for the reviewer: [1] ICS-02 spec [2] Most up to date ICS-08 spec [3] IBC Light Client explanatory series

CC: @Olshansk

[h5law]

@srdtrk if you are able to review this PR when you have some time I would really appreciate your feedback. This is an implementation of ICS-02, specifically for enabling ICS-08 (not implemented here). The code should look and feel similar to ibc-go and the spec, any feedback is appreciated

[Olshansk]

@srdtrk Let us know if/when you can take a look at this as well!