depr(python): Change parameter `chunked` to `allow_chunks` in parametric testing strategies

[stinodego]

A few improvements:

• Rename chunked to allow_chunks. If allowed, hypothesis will decide whether to chunk or not.
• Improve performance when using excluded_dtypes
• Improve structs strategy to allow missing entries.

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests :white_check_mark:

Project coverage is 80.85%. Comparing base (00963a8) to head (106f7a5). Report is 3 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## main #16264 +/- ## ========================================== - Coverage 80.86% 80.85% -0.02% ========================================== Files 1393 1393 Lines 179161 179176 +15 Branches 2913 2917 +4 ========================================== - Hits 144887 144878 -9 - Misses 33771 33794 +23 - Partials 503 504 +1 ```

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