Bump Ruby to v3.1.4

[aaronskiba]

Changes proposed in this PR:

• Bump Ruby from v3.0 to v3.1:

  • The upcoming 4.1.1+portage-4.1.0 release bumped Ruby from version 2.7.6 to v3.0.
  • All of the other UAlberta Libraries Projects are currently using Ruby v3.1.
  • Although this bump puts DMP Assistant out of alignment with DMP Roadmap, it does put it in alignment with all of the other UAlberta libraries projects. Also, the build process was experiencing difficulties when set to Ruby v3.0.

• Set .github/workflows to execute using Ruby v3.1.

  • Some of the workflows were failing after merely setting ruby-version: '3.1.4' within them. Errors would occur due to conflicting ruby versions (possibly because our codebase doesn't include a .ruby-version file). Further changes were made to these workflows/ files to address these errors.

• Disable some "Style-Cops" within .rubocop.yml (see below). Although, this PR does not change the version of rubocop that we're using, the Ruby bump does result in new offences. This PR suppresses those offences to avoid DMP Assistant and DMP Roadmap's codebases from being too misaligned with one another:

  • 
    Style/HashSyntax:
    Enabled: false

  Style/ArrayIntersect: Enabled: false

[aaronskiba]

The following explains how some of the changes to .github/workflows/danger.yml, .github/workflows/postgres.yml, and .github/workflows/ruby.yml are possible:

https://github.com/ruby/setup-ruby?tab=readme-ov-file#caching-bundle-install-automatically

Caching bundle install automatically This action provides a way to automatically run bundle install and cache the result:

    - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
      with:
        bundler-cache: true

Note that any step doing bundle install (for the root Gemfile) or gem install bundler can be removed with bundler-cache: true.