[Chore] Modular Main Update

[stevensJourney]

Overview

This updates the Modular Architecture feature branch with the latest changes from main.

This includes changes from:

• https://github.com/powersync-ja/powersync-service/pull/108
• https://github.com/powersync-ja/powersync-service/pull/112
• https://github.com/powersync-ja/powersync-service/pull/116

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Latest commit: 43eb945be90e85fa3aeb88c33d63ef424cfea700

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