Adding arguments to the dockerfile, to make it more flexible

[valentin-seitz]

This is mainly needed later when we build for the systemtests. I chose the variables similar enough to the ones beeing used in the components.yaml defining this openfoam-adapter.

See https://github.com/precice/tutorials/pull/334/files#diff-22b22ed982724ed250125c665add6f391f2aa273571366fbb73c0220ad73cc3e