Allow to cache job status when checking abortion

[medihack]

Closes #1083

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• [x] Tests
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• [x] Documentation
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PR label(s):

• [ ] https://github.com/procrastinate-org/procrastinate/labels/PR%20type%3A%20breaking%20%F0%9F%92%A5
• [x] https://github.com/procrastinate-org/procrastinate/labels/PR%20type%3A%20feature%20%E2%AD%90%EF%B8%8F
• [ ] https://github.com/procrastinate-org/procrastinate/labels/PR%20type%3A%20bugfix%20%F0%9F%95%B5%EF%B8%8F
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• [ ] https://github.com/procrastinate-org/procrastinate/labels/PR%20type%3A%20dependencies%20%F0%9F%A4%96
• [ ] https://github.com/procrastinate-org/procrastinate/labels/PR%20type%3A%20documentation%20%F0%9F%93%9A

I am not fully convinced that setting a default cache time on the worker itself is a good idea - it's a bit too much intransparent magic for my taste. Users may have completely different ideas about how long such a cache period should be (depending on the duration of the task itself).

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File	Statements	Missing	Coverage	Coverage (new stmts)	Lines missing
procrastinate
job_context.py
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[medihack]

I will add this feature later to 3.x.