Custom Python exception with `kind` and `path`

[samuelcolvin]

We need a new exception that subclasses ValueError and adds a kind attribute which is the name from:

https://github.com/pydantic/jiter/blob/1fbedbfbcb86a767b9dd621d080f430528aebc33/crates/jiter/src/errors.rs#L6

and

https://github.com/pydantic/jiter/blob/1fbedbfbcb86a767b9dd621d080f430528aebc33/crates/jiter/src/errors.rs#L189

[samuelcolvin]

We also want:

• the path of the error, e.g. ['foo', 'bar', 0] - this should be opt in with (another) generic option, hopefully the last
• the exact position of the error (as well as line and column number) this would allow the value that was rejected (e.g. NaN in the case of allow_nan_inf=False) to be extracted manually