[patch] Use lru_cache

[liamhuber]

And modify which method is abstract, so that child classes don't need to remember to use a cache

[github-actions[bot]]

:point_left: Launch a binder notebook on branch _pyiron/pyiron_workflow/cachepreviews

[codacy-production[bot]]

Coverage summary from Codacy

See diff coverage on Codacy

Coverage variation	Diff coverage
:white_check_mark: -0.08% (target: -1.00%)	:white_check_mark: 92.00%

Coverage variation details

| | Coverable lines | Covered lines | Coverage | | ------------- | ------------- | ------------- | ------------- | | Common ancestor commit (1ac11970d6b2f69f753cf806942a9d3f2f6f3bc8) | 3506 | 3074 | 87.68% | | | Head commit (bef19589f52bb6db071097a071f6cc9f2dede4a3) | 3500 (-6) | 3066 (-8) | 87.60% (**-0.08%**) | **Coverage variation** is the difference between the coverage for the head and common ancestor commits of the pull request branch: ` - `

Diff coverage details

| | Coverable lines | Covered lines | Diff coverage | | ------------- | ------------- | ------------- | ------------- | | Pull request (#290) | 25 | 23 | **92.00%** | **Diff coverage** is the percentage of lines that are covered by tests out of the coverable lines that the pull request added or modified: `/ * 100%`

See your quality gate settings    Change summary preferences

_{You may notice some variations in coverage metrics with the latest Coverage engine update. For more details, visit the documentation}