Update ``python-docs-theme`` to work with Sphinx 5 & 6

[AA-Turner]

Updated remaining jQuery scripts to standard JavaScript, and a few fixes for CSS changes.

A

[AA-Turner]

Turns out this is required for Sphinx 5... https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/99381

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[hugovk]

Is this ready to merge?

[hugovk]

Rebased on main to build RTD preview:

• https://python-docs-theme-previews--99.org.readthedocs.build/en/99/

And there's an error in the console:

sidebar.js:34 Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read properties of null (reading 'querySelector')
    at HTMLDocument.initialiseSidebar (sidebar.js:34:38)

From the last line of:

  const bodyWrapper = document.getElementsByClassName("bodywrapper")[0]
  const sidebar = document.getElementsByClassName("sphinxsidebar")[0]
  const sidebarWrapper = document.getElementsByClassName('sphinxsidebarwrapper')[0]
  const sidebarButton = document.getElementById("sidebarbutton")
  const sidebarArrow = sidebarButton.querySelector('span')

[AA-Turner]

Updated the JavaScript, the previous version was attempting to access an element that had yet to be created. Thank you for the review!

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[JulienPalard]

I just built https://docs.python.org/3.12/ after merging this PR.

[AA-Turner]

I just built docs.python.org/3.12 after merging this PR.

Working for me in Firefox 112 on Windows! If you have time over the next few weeks, please would we be able to make a 2023.4 release, to unblock https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/99381?

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[JulienPalard]

Releasing: https://github.com/python/python-docs-theme/pull/126