Refactor `segmentation_to_objects`

[quantumjot]

This PR refactors a critical function segmentation_to_objects:

• cleans up code to remove duplications, adds modern typing
• adds an (optional) progress bar if tqdm is installed, to provide feedback
• add support for a multiprocessing Pool for more performant detection
• allows user defined image analysis functions by exposing extra_properties
• updates the example notebook to demonstrate some of the changes
• a few small changes to documentation
• adds some tests for the new functionality

[quantumjot]

These changes are to enable @ania-m-b to do some "advanced" analysis.

[deprecated-napari-hub-preview-bot[bot]]

Preview page for your plugin is ready here: https://preview.napari-hub.org/quantumjot/btrack/304 Updated: 2023-04-20T11:30:19.635085

[quantumjot]

@paddyroddy and @p-j-smith - this should also help with some aspects of running this from the napari plugin

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Patch coverage: 95.74% and project coverage change: +0.37 :tada:

Comparison is base (146419f) 84.09% compared to head (07721e5) 84.47%.

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Additional details and impacted files

```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## main #304 +/- ## ========================================== + Coverage 84.09% 84.47% +0.37% ========================================== Files 30 30 Lines 1905 1932 +27 Branches 295 295 ========================================== + Hits 1602 1632 +30 + Misses 216 215 -1 + Partials 87 85 -2 ``` | [Impacted Files](https://codecov.io/gh/quantumjot/btrack/pull/304?src=pr&el=tree&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=Alan+R+Lowe) | Coverage Δ | | |---|---|---| | [btrack/io/\_localization.py](https://codecov.io/gh/quantumjot/btrack/pull/304?src=pr&el=tree&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=Alan+R+Lowe#diff-YnRyYWNrL2lvL19sb2NhbGl6YXRpb24ucHk=) | `91.89% <95.74%> (+6.17%)` | :arrow_up: | Help us with your feedback. Take ten seconds to tell us [how you rate us](https://about.codecov.io/nps?utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=Alan+R+Lowe). Have a feature suggestion? [Share it here.](https://app.codecov.io/gh/feedback/?utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=Alan+R+Lowe)

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[quantumjot]

Thanks for the review @paddyroddy - I think I took care of everything.