Fix CI lint failure by pinning to protobuf-4

[pavoljuhas]

• Pin protobuf to version 4 to fix "Lint check" CI failure such as https://github.com/quantumlib/Cirq/actions/runs/9654153610/job/26627844188

• Also bump types-protobuf mypy-protobuf for consistency with protobuf-4.x

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests :white_check_mark:

Project coverage is 97.81%. Comparing base (0aae3c1) to head (f236803).

Additional details and impacted files

```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## main #6650 +/- ## ========================================== - Coverage 97.81% 97.81% -0.01% ========================================== Files 1066 1066 Lines 91779 91779 ========================================== - Hits 89773 89772 -1 - Misses 2006 2007 +1 ```

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[pavoljuhas]

Related to https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/commit/26995798757fbfef5cf6648610848e389db1fecf which was released in protobuf-5.27.0.