Support changes to quil spec tending to 2024.1

[macrologist]

• [x] Rename the existing (experimental) EXTERN in preparation for support of this rfc's resolution
• [x] support extern and call as per this commit to the quil spec
• [x] quilt syntax support for changes to DEFCAL
• [x] quilt syntax support for removal of sample rate from DEFWAVEFORM
• [x] quilt syntax support for zero-or-more qubits in Frames
• [x] support for NON-VOLATILE pragma