feat(backend): Add convenience methods for setting up terminals

[joshka]

Adds:

• CrosstermBackend::stdout and CrosstermBackend::stderr for creating backends with std::io::stdout and std::io::stderr respectively.
• CrosstermBackend::stdout_with_defaults and CrosstermBackend::stderr_with_defaults for creating backends with that use the alternate screen and raw mode.
• CrosstermBackend::with_raw_mode for enabling raw mode.
• CrosstermBackend::with_alternate_screen for switching to the alternate screen.
• CrosstermBackend::with_mouse_capture for enabling mouse support.
• CrosstermBackend::reset for resetting the terminal to its default state.
• Drop implementation for restoring raw mode, mouse capture, and alternate screen on drop.

Most applications should generally use stdout_with_defaults to create a backend with raw mode and the alternate screen, and now longer need to worry about restoring the terminal to its default state when the application exits. The reset method can be used to restore the terminal to its default state if needed (e.g. in a panic handler).

use ratatui::{backend::CrosstermBackend};

let backend = CrosstermBackend::stdout_with_defaults()?;
// or
let backend = CrosstermBackend::stderr_with_defaults()?;
// or with custom settings
let backend = CrosstermBackend::stdout()
    .with_raw_mode()?
    .with_alternate_screen()?
    .with_mouse_capture()?

use std::io::stderr();

// in a panic / error handler:
CrosstermBackend::reset(stderr())

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 0% with 83 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 93.9%. Comparing base (3f2f2cd) to head (97bf4a3). Report is 10 commits behind head on main.

Files	Patch %	Lines
src/backend/crossterm.rs	0.0%	83 Missing :warning:

Additional details and impacted files

```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## main #1180 +/- ## ======================================= - Coverage 94.4% 93.9% -0.5% ======================================= Files 62 62 Lines 14941 15127 +186 ======================================= + Hits 14110 14217 +107 - Misses 831 910 +79 ```

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[joshka]

Note - this is intentionally only implemented for crossterm right now, and it's not carried through to the examples as yet to allow for review of the concept without the bulk.

Note also the comments / previous effort on https://github.com/ratatui-org/ratatui/pull/280

[EdJoPaTo]

I am curious why crossterm itself doesn't have something like this. I think everyone using crossterm would benefit from something like this. Should this be proposed for crossterm?

[joshka]

I am curious why crossterm itself doesn't have something like this. I think everyone using crossterm would benefit from something like this. Should this be proposed for crossterm?

Define "this".

Regardless it doesn't change whether we'd want this PR to land in the meantime as the development cycle on that side of the fence is pretty slow.

@EdJoPaTo do you have any hard blockers for this PR getting merged? This PR underpins a massive simplification of all the example code in Ratatui as well as customer apps, tutorials, recipes, etc. I'm blocked on completing all of that by this not being merged.

[joshka]

@joshka dismissed my review, I think this should be enabled automatically for this repo: dismiss reviews on new commits. Either it's quite fast to review them again or it might have changed something that should be reviewed again. (Maybe also a review of multiple and not just one person might be ideal especially for bigger things.)

That approach causes a long turn around time for things which don't matter. I prefer to work based on trust that we'll do the right thing once given the go ahead to merge.

[joshka]

@EdJoPaTo see my email about nits etc.

[kdheepak]

Most of the PR looks good to me (but I haven't read all the comments on this thread), will do so over the weekend.