build: upgrade all base docker images to ubuntu 24.04

[mdonadoni]

Let's upgrade the base docker image of all REANA components from ubuntu 20.04 to ubuntu 24.04.

This also means that we have to add support for Python 3.12.

Cluster components:

• [ ] reana-auth-krb5 (@mdonadoni) https://github.com/reanahub/reana-auth-krb5/pull/20
• [ ] reana-client (@mdonadoni) https://github.com/reanahub/reana-client/pull/721
• [ ] reana-job-controller (@mdonadoni) https://github.com/reanahub/reana-job-controller/pull/458
• [ ] reana-server (@mdonadoni) https://github.com/reanahub/reana-server/pull/692
• [ ] reana-workflow-controller (@mdonadoni) https://github.com/reanahub/reana-workflow-controller/pull/592
• [ ] reana-workflow-engine-cwl (@wirespecter) https://github.com/reanahub/reana-workflow-engine-cwl/pull/283
• [ ] reana-workflow-engine-serial (@wirespecter) https://github.com/reanahub/reana-workflow-engine-serial/pull/213
• [ ] reana-workflow-engine-snakemake (@wirespecter) https://github.com/reanahub/reana-workflow-engine-snakemake/pull/99
• [ ] reana-workflow-engine-yadage (@wirespecter) https://github.com/reanahub/reana-workflow-engine-yadage/pull/271

Other python packages

• [ ] pytest-reana https://github.com/reanahub/pytest-reana/pull/132
• [ ] reana https://github.com/reanahub/reana/pull/810
• [ ] reana-client https://github.com/reanahub/reana-client/pull/721
• [ ] reana-commons https://github.com/reanahub/reana-commons/pull/465
• [ ] reana-db https://github.com/reanahub/reana-db/pull/236

CI only:

• [ ] reana-message-broker https://github.com/reanahub/reana-message-broker/pull/70
• [ ] blog.reana.io https://github.com/reanahub/blog.reana.io/pull/53
• [ ] docs.reana.io https://github.com/reanahub/docs.reana.io/pull/207
• [ ] reana-auth-rucio https://github.com/reanahub/reana-auth-rucio/pull/16
• [ ] reana-auth-vomsproxy https://github.com/reanahub/reana-auth-vomsproxy/pull/30
• [ ] reana-client-go https://github.com/reanahub/reana-client-go/pull/160
• [ ] reana-demo-alice-lego-train-test-run https://github.com/reanahub/reana-demo-alice-lego-train-test-run/pull/32
• [ ] reana-demo-alice-pt-analysis https://github.com/reanahub/reana-demo-alice-pt-analysis/pull/18
• [ ] reana-demo-atlas-recast https://github.com/reanahub/reana-demo-atlas-recast/pull/53
• [ ] reana-demo-bsm-search https://github.com/reanahub/reana-demo-bsm-search/pull/40
• [ ] reana-demo-cdci-crab-pulsar https://github.com/reanahub/reana-demo-cdci-crab-pulsar-integral-verification/pull/20
• [ ] reana-demo-cdci-integral-data-reduction https://github.com/reanahub/reana-demo-cdci-integral-data-reduction/pull/7
• [ ] reana-demo-cms-dimuon-mass-spectrum https://github.com/reanahub/reana-demo-cms-dimuon-mass-spectrum/pull/20
• [ ] reana-demo-cms-h4l https://github.com/reanahub/reana-demo-cms-h4l/pull/34
• [ ] reana-demo-cms-reco https://github.com/reanahub/reana-demo-cms-reco/pull/37
• [ ] reana-demo-helloworld https://github.com/reanahub/reana-demo-helloworld/pull/72
• [ ] reana-demo-lhcb-d2pimumu https://github.com/reanahub/reana-demo-lhcb-d2pimumu/pull/20
• [ ] reana-demo-root6-roofit https://github.com/reanahub/reana-demo-root6-roofit/pull/72
• [ ] reana-demo-worldpopulation https://github.com/reanahub/reana-demo-worldpopulation/pull/62
• [ ] reana-env-aliphysics https://github.com/reanahub/reana-env-aliphysics/pull/15
• [ ] reana-env-jupyter https://github.com/reanahub/reana-env-jupyter/pull/22
• [ ] reana-env-root6 https://github.com/reanahub/reana-env-root6/pull/27
• [ ] reana-github-actions https://github.com/reanahub/reana-github-actions/pull/11
• [ ] reana-ui https://github.com/reanahub/reana-ui/pull/409
• [ ] www.reana.io https://github.com/reanahub/www.reana.io/pull/94