build(docker): upgrade to ubuntu 24.04 and Python 3.12 (#810)

[mdonadoni]

Closes reanahub/reana#808

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 40.00000% with 3 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 19.22%. Comparing base (9698c63) to head (f1291ed).

Files	Patch %	Lines
reana/reana_dev/utils.py	0.00%	3 Missing :warning:

Additional details and impacted files

[](https://app.codecov.io/gh/reanahub/reana/pull/810?src=pr&el=tree&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=reanahub) ```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## master #810 +/- ## ========================================== + Coverage 18.15% 19.22% +1.06% ========================================== Files 26 26 Lines 2478 2512 +34 ========================================== + Hits 450 483 +33 - Misses 2028 2029 +1 ``` | [Files](https://app.codecov.io/gh/reanahub/reana/pull/810?dropdown=coverage&src=pr&el=tree&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=reanahub) | Coverage Δ | | |---|---|---| | [reana/config.py](https://app.codecov.io/gh/reanahub/reana/pull/810?src=pr&el=tree&filepath=reana%2Fconfig.py&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=reanahub#diff-cmVhbmEvY29uZmlnLnB5) | `100.00% <100.00%> (ø)` | | | [reana/reana\_dev/utils.py](https://app.codecov.io/gh/reanahub/reana/pull/810?src=pr&el=tree&filepath=reana%2Freana_dev%2Futils.py&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=reanahub#diff-cmVhbmEvcmVhbmFfZGV2L3V0aWxzLnB5) | `35.52% <0.00%> (ø)` | | ... and [1 file with indirect coverage changes](https://app.codecov.io/gh/reanahub/reana/pull/810/indirect-changes?src=pr&el=tree-more&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=reanahub)