parquet: introduce column writer

[rockwotj]

• parquet: remove logical value types
• parquet: use strongly typed crc value from absl
• parquet: encode the max rep and def levels in schema nodes
• parquet: add validation that required nodes are not null
• parquet: add column writer
• parquet: use named types for rep and def levels

Note that there are currently no tests for the column writer. This sucks but there is not an external go library that directly exposes the ability to read/write pages so it'd be hard to test. There will be test coverage when we write full parquet files - that's kind of the best I can do for now :shrug:

Thankfully, the code there is not too complex so I feel pretty good about only being able to test indirectly.

Backports Required

• [x] none - not a bug fix
• [ ] none - this is a backport
• [ ] none - issue does not exist in previous branches
• [ ] none - papercut/not impactful enough to backport
• [ ] v24.2.x
• [ ] v24.1.x
• [ ] v23.3.x

Release Notes

• none

[vbotbuildovich]

the below tests from https://buildkite.com/redpanda/redpanda/builds/57640#0192fe73-e768-4a1a-a396-af22239dfd3e have failed and will be retried

translator_test_rpfixture

the below tests from https://buildkite.com/redpanda/redpanda/builds/57647#0192ff4a-6908-4502-a2c4-b373107c9df2 have failed and will be retried

catalog_schema_manager_rpunit