Improvements for emission and quantity targets convergence and debugging

[Renato-Rodrigues]

Purpose of this PR

• Avoid bug where eq comparisons were not triggering as active in ifelse statements: e.g. the below line

  elseif((pm_taxemiMkt_iteration(iteration,ttot2,regi,emiMkt) eq pm_taxemiMkt_iteration(iteration2,ttot2,regi,emiMkt))),

  was not triggering as true, even in cases that it should, meanwhile the below alternative is working fine:

  elseif((pm_taxemiMkt_iteration(iteration,ttot2,regi,emiMkt) - pm_taxemiMkt_iteration(iteration2,ttot2,regi,emiMkt) eq 0

• Change default value of cm_implicitQttyTarget_delay to 15 so the quantity targets algorithm only starts from this iteration onward. This should be a safer default value for users that are not experienced with how these targets work.

• Remove the declaration of the parameter p47_emiTarget_grossEnCO2_noBunkers_iter, as I don't see it being used or assigned anywhere in the model.

• Include sets and parameters for better emission targets convergence debugging information: Parameters:

  p47_emiTargetMkt_iter(iteration,ttot,all_regi,emiMktExt,emi_type_47) "parameter to save value of CO2 or GHG Emissions per emission market used for target level [GtC]"
  p47_clampedRescaleSlope(iteration,ttot,ttot2,ext_regi,emiMktExt) "auxiliary parameter to save the slope value before clamping for debugging purposes [#]"`

  Sets:

  rescaleType                                  "carbon price scaling types" / "squareDev_firstIteration", "squareDev_perfectMatch", "squareDev_smallChange", "squareDev_noChange", "slope_prevIteration", "slope_firstIteration"/
  regiEmiMktRescaleType(iteration,ttot,ttot,ext_regi,emiMktExt,rescaleType) "saving scaling type used in iteration" / /
  convergenceType                              "emiMkt target non convergence reason" / "lowerThanTolerance", "smallPrice" / 
  regiEmiMktconvergenceType(iteration,ttot,ttot,ext_regi,emiMktExt,convergenceType) "saving convergence type in iteration" / /

• Correct dimension of pm_implicitQttyTarget_isLimited to include the target time and region dimensions.

• Disabling the convergence criteria for regional emission targets if the prices reach the minimal levels for the target year (<1$/tCO2 + 10% of tolerance) and the algorithm still wants to reduce it. In this case the emission target is already reached without any carbon price applied to the region, so the model now considers that this target is reached for those cases (regiEmiMktconvergenceType = smallPrice).

• Only calculate emission targets slope and price rescale values if the target is active, i.e., the target year is the active one for the region, and the target did not converged yet.

• Add support for quantity targets for total wind (wind onshore plus wind offshore) and total solar primary energy levels to create limited VRE deployment scenarios.

• Add a set to store the convergence criterias that are active in the run for debugging purposes (activeConvMessage80).

Type of change

(Make sure to delete from the Type-of-change list the items not relevant to your PR)

• [x] Bug fix
• [x] Refactoring
• [x] New feature

Checklist:

• [x] My code follows the coding etiquette
• [x] I performed a self-review of my own code
• [x] I explained my changes within the PR, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• [x] I checked that the in-code documentation is up-to-date
• [ ] All automated model tests pass (FAIL 0 in the output of make test)
• [ ] The changelog CHANGELOG.md has been updated correctly

Further information (optional):

• Test runs are here: /p/projects/ecemf/REMIND/2040_scenarios/v06_2024_05_14_rev1_x/output