refactor(modules): add module resolver

[jaredallard]

Adds a module resolver library for the purposes of replacing the current version resolver used by the modules package. This does not hook it up yet, but provides us a scalable foundation for resolving versions.

Future PR(s) will change stencil to default to using versions found in the lockfile, as well as adding a stencil upgrade command to upgrade them.

The underlying resolver introduced in this PR supports simple constraint functionality to allow flexibility in its usage in stencil, but there is currently no plans to expose this functionality. Tests have been added to ensure that the following behaviour is followed:

• If a criteria contains a branch, that branch should always be used.
  • Reason: Branches cannot be compared and usually are being used for testing purposes, so we allow those to always win. Future code will restrict them to the top-level module only to prevent sub-dependencies from being released with branch dependencies.
• If a criteria contains a prerelease string, only one distinct value should be used.
  • Reason: We cannot compare v1.0.0-alpha.1 against v1.0.0-beta.1 generally speaking, so we instead only allow pre-release criterias to opt into a specific pre-release track. Released versions till rank higher.
• Only one branch can be used per-criteria, since we cannot depend on multiple branches for the same module.

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Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 72.66667% with 41 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.	Files	Patch %	Lines
internal/modules/resolver/resolver.go	82.64%	14 Missing and 7 partials :warning:
internal/git/git.go	31.03%	19 Missing and 1 partial :warning:

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